KÜRESEL POLİTİK EKONOMİ

The global market mechanism, which the U.S. was a pioneer, began to take shape after the Second World War. With the establishment of the IMF, a fixed exchange rate system based on the gold standard was implemented. Therefore, the correct option is A.

With the establishment of the IMF, a fixed exchange rate system based on the gold standard was implemented. According to the established financial system, the U.S. dollar was fixed to the gold and the other countries’ currencies were priced according to the dollar. Therefore, the correct option is B.

With the establishment of the IMF, a fixed exchange rate system based on the gold standard was implemented. According to the established financial system, the U.S. dollar was fixed to the gold and the other countries’ currencies were priced according to the dollar. The U.S. dollar has become a reserve currency worldwide. Therefore, the correct option is B.

With the Industrial Revolution, population growth has been experienced and with the mechanization in the agricultural sector, the same piece of land has been able to feed more people. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the second half of the 18th century. Therefore, the correct option is A.

With the Navigation Act, which was launched in 1651, the UK achieved a great success in declining the Dutch superiority in foreign trade and formed a strong trading network that challenged the Dutch trade network. The capitalist British state has succeeded in realizing the economic dynamics and social transformation that would lead to the industrial revolution by removing the barriers to the capitalist organization of agriculture and industry. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Manchester liberalism is the name of the movement that carried out by people who advocate the idea of free exchange and the principles of liberal economics in England in the nineteenth century. Therefore, the correct option is E.

The Cold War period has three defining characteristics in terms of the international system. The first is a bipolar ideological conflict based on the hegemony of the United States (US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), referred to as superpowers, on the axis of the East - West block which determines the international system. The Western Bloc consists of industrialized capitalist Western European countries in the hegemony of the United States, including Australia, Japan, Canada and New Zealand. After World War II, the US adopted an international system dominated by free trade and liberal international economic order. The Eastern Bloc is composed of the Marxist states in Eastern Europe in the hegemony of the USSR, including “satellite states”.

These blocks aroused with NATO and the Warsaw Pact and laid the foundation of the Cold War. The ideological conflict that determined the Cold War revolved around the third world countries (the underdeveloped countries in the Southern Hemisphere), which have been trying to obtain their independence from colonialism since 1955, with the help of foreign aid or the direct military intervention, to take the influence of their own blocks.

Therefore, the correct option is E.

The European Single Act is the treaty that has undergone radical changes in the Treaty of Rome, which officially initiated the European Union single market and European Political Cooperation. Therefore, the correct option is E.

In 2002, twelve member countries adopted a common currency of Euro. Since then, the Euro zone, composed of Euro-using countries, has reached nineteen countries. In 2004, the European Union saw the largest enlargement in its history with the official accession of ten new candidate countries, most of them former Eastern Bloc countries. Three years later, Bulgaria and Romania joined the Union and the last enlargement of the Union took place in 2013 with the participation of Croatia. Therefore, the correct option is C.

In the second half of the 19th century in Japan, the westernization initiated by the Emperor Mutsuhito is called The Meiji Restoration (1868-1912). Therefore, the correct option is C.