KÜRESEL POLİTİK EKONOMİ - Deneme Sınavı - 8

The correct choice is D.

The correct choice is E.

The Permanent Court of Arbitration was
established in 1900 and started to work in 1902.

The Permanent Court of Arbitration has three
bodies: the Members of the Court, the International
Bureau, and the Administrative Council.

The ICJ was established in June 1945 with the
United Nations Charter and started to work in
April 1946.

The headquarters of the Court of Justice
of the European Union is in Luxembourg. It
consists of two structures: the Court of Justice
and the General Court established in 1988.

In international law, negotiation is also carried out as diplomatic negotiation, and this method is one of the most frequently used settlement methods. Diplomatic negotiation is the discussion or examination of a dispute, a matter, an agreement to be made, or an attempt to take place, between two or more parties, verbally or in writing. Negotiations usually take place only with the participation of the parties.

Good Offices: The friendly service by a third state or international organization for the dispute parties to start negotiations and produce solutions for the purpose of dispute resolution.

Mediation: The assistance of the international organization, the third state, or a person in order to participate in the negotiations on the dispute resolution of the states that are parties to the dispute and to resolve the disputes.

Conciliation: A peaceful settlement method in which the states that are parties to the dispute create an independent commission and ask this commission to examine the issue and bring solutions to them.

In Article 1 of the Treaty of the United Nations, which came into force in 1945, it has been determined that the goals of the United Nations are: “To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace”.

Figure 8.1 Settlement Methods in International Disputes on page 215.

Diplomatic Negotiation: The discussion or examination of a dispute between two or more parties, orally or in writing, at a conference or congress where only the parties participate.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ): Established due to the need for an independent and impartial tribunal for the resolution of disputes between states after the First World War as Permanent Court of International Justice, it is one of the main organs of the United Nations that replaced this Court with the establishment of the United Nations after the Second World War.

Investigation: The activities carried out by an impartial and independent commission appointed with the aim of making an objective determination regarding the disputes between the states parties.

The investigation method is used for three purposes. These are:
• Obtaining the necessary data to make a decision about dispute by international
organizations,
• Determining whether the parties comply with an agreement between the parties,
• Reaching concrete information to find a solution about the dispute

In the light of these explanations, the ICJ must be authorized by the states parties in the four ways above in order to be able to deal with a particular dispute. When the application is made, it is primarily decided by the ICJ whether it is authorized, that is, the admissibility of the case. If not authorized, the ICJ will not be able to take action.

The headquarters of the Court of Justice of the European Union is in Luxembourg.

Arbitration: A solution method in which the resolution of the dispute is decided by the independent and impartial third person or persons called the arbitrator instead of the state court trial and the final decision is binding.