KÜRESEL POLİTİK EKONOMİ - Deneme Sınavı - 9

The first person to use this concept is the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. He defined the concept of political economy as a tax imposed to cover the expenses of the state.

England

The main characteristics of the International Political Economy can be listed as follows (Al, 2015: 147): • IPE is a branch of science in which the economic system and the political system work together. • IPE is not a branch of science that can only be studied theoretically. • With globalization, the development process of IPE has accelerated. • Due to the large number of terms it covers and uses, it covers a wide area that can be understood with different approaches. • IPE has an autonomous structure. • The emergence and development of IPE as a separate discipline has led to the establishment of international organizations

Manchester liberalism

At the end of World War I, it became clear that the hegemonic power of Britain was over.

There are some concepts associated with these five theories. In the Realist approach, nation states, power, survival, security, and anarchy; in the Liberal approach, the individual, capital flows, open market, and invisible hand; in the Marxist approach, class, interest, exploitation, bourgeois, and proletariat; in the Constructivist approach, idea, norm, discourse, belief, and structure-maker relationship; and in the Feminist approach, concepts such as gender equality, sexist exploitation, and the end to oppression come to the fore.

There are some concepts associated with these five theories. In the Realist approach, nation states, power, survival, security, and anarchy; in the Liberal approach, the individual, capital flows, open market, and invisible hand; in the Marxist approach, class, interest, exploitation, bourgeois, and proletariat; in the Constructivist approach, idea, norm, discourse, belief, and structure-maker relationship; and in the Feminist approach, concepts such as gender equality, sexist exploitation, and the end to oppression come to the fore.

The US, who preferred not to participate in the Second World War, was involved in the Second World War with a sudden attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor’s military facilities.

Proletariat: Marx used proletariat to define the working class that is working for a wage for the profit of the employer class with the means of production, which was used to define the subclass of society until the 19th century.

1949

The founder of this theory is Immanuel Wallerstein. This theory emerged as a continuation of the analysis of social scientists such as Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, and the concept of “semi-periphery countries” was added to the concepts of core-periphery countries.

The United States, which emerged as a global power in the 20th century, has become more and more interested in developments related to global issues. This historical task was in the form of a counter-position against the Soviet Union, which emerged as the ideological other.

1985

Globalization, which is considered as a process, consists of four waves-four stages (İrge & Al, 2017: 463). The first phase started with the conquest of Istanbul, by Fatih Sultan Mehmet, which ended the Byzantine Empire, closed the Middle Ages, and symbolized the beginning of the New Age. After the invention of the big cannons, and the Ottoman’s dominating the Silk and Spice trade routes, the Western actors, who are looking for new quests, made geographical discoveries as a result of these searches. Western states, which obtained precious metals in the new regions reached with these discoveries, claimed that the real wealth was these mines and led to the emergence of mercantilist thinking, which is the understanding that will dominate global trade for three centuries (Elçin, 2012: 7). The first wave of globalization that began in the 1490s was experienced by the influence of mercantilism and resulted in colonialism.

It was developed the Socialist Market Economy in Chinese Style as a result of Planned Economy which based on of centralization applied in the high level during the Mao Period (1949 - 1976) and the outward opening and reform policy implemented during the Period of Deng Siopeng.

The concept of political economy, based on the words “polis” (independent city state) and “oikonomike” (management of assets) in ancient Greek, means the management of a country’s people or state.

Soviet leader Vladimir I. Lenin, the intellectual father of the Imperialist Theory, reached the highest level of capitalism. According to Lenin, who based his ideas on Marxist theory, in the global system, the imperialist states cannot find the opportunity to convert their capital into investment in industrialized countries.

When the literature is examined, it is seen that the emergence of IPE is started in the 1970s and it is emphasized that it has a short history in the field of social sciences. However, it is clear that the concept of political economy, derived from the merger of two words in ancient Greek, was first used by Aristotle.

When we look at the literature, it is seen that the concept of International Political Economy (IPE) and the concept of International Economy Politic (IEP) are used interchangeably.