KÜRESEL GÜNEY VE YÜKSELEN GÜÇLER

By the end of the 19th century, Europeans from other parts of the continent started to immigrate to Brazil, especially from Italy, Germany, Spain,
Poland, Ukraine, as well as from the Middle East, especially Christian populations from the Ottoman Empire.

Portuguese is the only official language of Brazil. It is practically the only language used in schools, newspapers, radio, TV and for all business and administrative purposes.

The 1964 military coup marked one of the darkest periods of Brazilian political history. It showered in a new era authoritarian regime which lasted for 21 years, during which all presidents were army generals.

After being under the rule of colonial masters for more than 300 years, Brazil eventually got independence in 1822. Initially, the country adopted the monarchical system that lasted until 1889 when the republic was established. Since then, Brazil has had various government forms, including authoritarianism, state autonomy and centralization, and the current democracy.

Brazil has a bicameral parliament encompassing the Senate, referred to as the upper house with 81 members, and a 513-member Chamber of Deputies, also known as the lower house. Every state and federal district has a slot of three senators who are elected by a simple majority

The judiciary forms one of the three arms of government. There are various state courts in Brazil with jurisdiction over state matters. There is also a federal court system that oversights jurisdiction concerning federal crimes. The highest court in the land is the Supreme Court (the Supreme Federal Tribunal of STF). It is presided over by the Chief Justice and acts as the final arbiter of all court cases.

Compared with other emerging powers, Brazil has a distinguished place. It is the 5th largest country in the world in terms of area and 6th largest in terms of total GDP and population. Its GDP has reached $1.8 trillion in 2019.

Favela da Rocinha, located in Rio de Janeiro, is the Biggest Slum (Shanty Town) in Latin America. It has more than 70,000 inhabitants.

The formation of a broad coalition has had a remarkable impact on the Brazilian economy. In the beginning of the new millennium, Brazil began to be perceived as a model country. Lula embraced the neoliberal agenda and kept the commitment to macroeconomic stability. Newly discovered large off-shore oil deposits, high commodity prices and abundant international liquidity greased the gears for high growth.

The agriculture sector still serves as the backbone of Brazil’s economy. The commodity boom of the 2000s in the world gave a further boost to Brazilian agriculture. Brazil is one of the world’s largest agricultural producers