KÜRESEL GÜNEY VE YÜKSELEN GÜÇLER

“The Chinese Civil War” lasted intermittently from 1927 to 1949 and ended when the CPC troops, with Mao Zedong as their leader, seized Beijing and proclaimed the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on October 1st, 1949. The correct answer is Mao Zedong.   Mao Zedong (1949-1976) was the Chairman of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the founding father of the People’s Republic of  China (PRC).

The Western hostility to the People’s Republic based in Beijing (the U.S., for example, continued to recognize the Taipei government and its head, Chiang Kai-Shek, based in Taiwan as China’s legitimate representatives until 1970s.

Mao did not hesitate to use military power against ethnic minorities as well, for example by sending troops to Tibet. Tibetans, a people with a strong political identity and conscience about their distinct culture, rose in rebellion in 1959, to which the CPC responded with tremendous violence.

The first Five-Year-Plan, explicitly modeled on Soviet experience, was adopted in 1953, marking the beginning of China’s industrialization.

Many peasants, unhappy with their situation in the state-owned agricultural cooperatives moved to the cities, and China’s urban population mushroomed. The CPC leadership soon noticed that the agricultural production was not enough to feed the cities.

Intellectuals engaged in severe political criticism, which soon proved embarrassing to the communist leadership. Mao Zedong decided to put an end to the free speech experience, ordering a repressive campaign against all forms of opposition.

The Great Leap Forward is the name of the social and economic program put in place by Mao in 1958. Mao’s aim was to quickly transmute China’s economy from an agrarian one to an industrial one while boosting production.

The Great Leap policy devastated the country’s economy and provoked millions of deaths in the countryside, making the “Great Chinese Famine” (1959-1961) one of the deadliest in human history.

The Cultural Revolution started when Mao called on young people in May 1966 to rebel against authority figures in the party, in their schools and universities, and in factories as he claimed the bourgeois elements infiltrated into administrative
positions to prepare the return of the capitalist order in China.

The Cultural Revolution movement turned China upside down, massacres took place, traditional cultural heritage was damaged, religious sites were ransacked, education stopped, and the economy collapsed while millions of people were persecuted, purged, or exiled.

Alongside his economic success, Deng Xiaoping is also the architect of today’s Chinese political system, as he pushed for a new constitution in 1982.

Jiang’s one of the greatest political success is China’s accession
o the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001.

The main innovation of the 1982 constitution was to guarantee private ownership, which is in line with the market economy-based opening program initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978.

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