KÜRESEL GÜNEY VE YÜKSELEN GÜÇLER

The 1990 era of two superpowers was in several aspects simpler and easier to comprehend. However, this simplicity was a consequence of a superficial outlook of the international political situation. The overlay of the bipolar ideological struggle concealed other advancements such as the emerging powers and the rise of non-state security threats, and transnational challenges such as climate change. In the 1990s, it was unthinkable that the Soviet Union would collapse within two years or that Japan would experience severe economic difficulties adversely impacting its growth in the subsequent two years. Besides, in this era, it was unforeseeable that non-governmental terrorist networks would become a challenge for international politics. Bu nedenle doğru seçenek C seçeneğidir.

Among the many underlying questions about Global South and emerging powers, the most significant include the effect of this emergence to world politics. The will to exercise one’s power calls for a nation’s combination of economic and military power. Most importantly, nations ought to comprehend that power ought to translate into influence. As such, a nation reduces its leadership costs when its subordinates recognize the nation’s power. Bu nedenle doğru seçenek D    seçeneğidir.

Antonio Gramsci once remarked that a hegemonic social order sitting on the foundation of moral and intellectual authority and voluntary acceptance is more enduring due to its legitimacy. Bu nedenle doğru seçenek  D  seçeneğidir.

Arguably, the emerging powers and the established ones, such as European nations and Japan, enjoy the liberty of selective involvement in global matters. Bu nedenle doğru seçenek A seçeneğidir.

Paul Kennedy argues that if the effects of power shift are evident in crises, conflicts, and wars, it is because the global economy has been undergoing structural changes.

On the other hand, some researchers demonstrate that this development reflects the rise of what has variously been described as the Beijing Consensus, the China model or state capitalism all of which challenge the US-centred, neoliberal Washington Consensus

Russia

Pakistan is not any of MINT Country

India is BRICS country

BRICS