Turkey’s Political and Economic Relations with Sub-Saharan Africa
Geographically how is Sub-Sahara is defined?
Geographically, the term sub-Saharan Africa refers to the region of the African continent that lies south of the Sahara Desert with an area of 9,200,000 square kilometers.
When was Turkey declared “Year of Africa”?
Turkey’s declaration of the year 2005 as the “Year of Africa” was an important benchmark in Turkish- African relations as it signified Turkey’s re-engagement policy towards the African continent.
Which empires controlled Sub-Saharan Africa before Westerns came there?
This region, referred to as sub-Saharan Africa, was controlled by wealthy empires such as the Aksumite Kingdom (today’s Ethiopia and Sudan) and the Ghana, Mali empires in West Africa.
How many Africans died because of the Europeans slave trade between 16th and 19th centuries?
Trough the enslavement of Africans, the Europeans caused the death of at least 20 million Africans between the 16th and 19th centuries.
What was “the scramble of Africa”?
That period lasted until 1914, and is usually called “the scramble of Africa,” which is marked by invasion, occupation, division and colonization of African lands by European states.
What was the aim of 1855 Berlin Conference?
The aim of the Berlin Conference was to prevent overlapping the interests of the European powers in Africa.
What was the effect of WWII and the establishment of the UN to Africa?
During the war, a sizable number of Africans fought with the Allies (Britain-France-Soviet Union block), and were promised to be given their independence in return. … Following the war in 1945, the United Nations was established, which fostered basic human rights and principles, self-determination principle, encouraging countries to decide their types of government on their own. These nascent ideas were supported by nationalistic tendencies and engendered anger against colonialism. As a result, the liberation movement all around sub-Saharan Africa was triggered successfully.
When was the consensus on keeping borders from colonial times was reached?
In 1964, most of the African countries reached a consensus on keeping the borders from colonial times.
When was Republic of Biafra secession movement started and ended?
In 1967, three years after the consensus a deadly civil war started in Nigeria. An ethnic minority group aimed to secede from Nigeria and establish a new country called the Republic of Biafra. The bloody struggle lasted 2.5 years and ended up with the Biafran elements surrendering their arms.
Who were the Afrikaners that came to power in South Africa?
In 1948, an ethnic group called the Afrikaners came to power in South Africa. Tis group were the descendants of Dutch settlers who arrived at South Africa’s Cape Peninsula in the 17th and 18th centuries.
When was the Rwandan Genocide occurred?
With respect to the Continent’s political history, the Rwandan Genocide that occurred in 1994 represents an important benchmark for the Continent’s political history.
Which countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa demonstrate considerable progress in terms of democracy, from a contemporary perspective?
In terms of democracy, from a contemporary perspective, the only sub-Saharan African countries which demonstrate considerable progress are Angola and Ethiopia, which used to be closed societies led by autocratic leaders.
What was Turkey’s sectors of focus for its relations with Africa?
To be more concrete and precise, Turkey specified sectors of focus for its relations with Africa. These included assisting the agricultural sector, fostering rural economic development, developing rural development projects, implementing a water management policy, supporting small-scale enterprises, transportation, and partnering in the security and medical sectors.
What is the total population of Sub Saharan countries?
Over one billion people reside in 49 sub- Saharan countries.
What are the two biggest cities on the planet based on the population size?
Based on population size, the sub-Saharan region is home to two of the biggest cities on the planet. These cities are Lagos in Nigeria and Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Why African block has high influence in the UN?
Sub-Saharan African countries occupy almost one quarter of the seats in the United Nations General Assembly. This powerful number makes the countries in the region an influential block when they act jointly.
What was the aim of Ankara’s “Africa Action Plan” in 1998?
Considering the low course of relations between Turkey and sub-Saharan Africa, Ankara developed a comprehensive policy in 1998 and adopted the “Africa Action Plan.” The aim was to take reciprocal steps with African countries in political, cultural, economic and military relations.
When was the “Cooperation Framework for Turkey-Africa Partnership” was adapted?
The Istanbul Declaration on Turkey- Africa Partnership: Cooperation and Solidarity for a Common Future” and “Cooperation Framework for Turkey-Africa Partnership,” adopted at the 1 Turkey-Africa Cooperation Summit of 2008, formed a follow-up mechanism to observe the development of the relations.
What was the trading volume of Turkey with Sub-Saharan Africa in 2015?
In 2015, the trading volume with Sub-Saharan Africa was calculated as USD 6 billion.
Which port in Sudan Turkey restores?
With Turkey’s restoration, Port Sudan would no longer be the only port, as the Port on Suakin Island would be operationalized, and the country would no longer be dependent on a single port.