KÜRESEL GÜNEY VE YÜKSELEN GÜÇLER - Deneme Sınavı - 5

Lesotho, an independent country, is an enclave in the eastern part of the republic, entirely surrounded by South African territory. The answer is A.

South Africa has three cities that serve as capitals: Pretoria, Cape Town, and Bloemfontein. Johannesburg, the largest urban area in the country and a center of commerce, lies at the heart of the populous Gauteng province. Durban, a port on the Indian Ocean, is a major industrial centre. East London and Port Elizabeth, both of which lie along the country’s southern coast, are important commercial, industrial, and cultural centres. The answer is B.

The Afrikaners are descendants of Europeans who arrived in South Africa in the seventeenth century. They speak their own language, Afrikaans, which is derived from Dutch. The Afrikaners originate from the first permanent settlement of Dutch colonists in 1652, though their development has also been influenced by the French Huguenots (Protestants) who came to South Africa as they fled from Catholic France, as well as by German settlers. The white population in the Cape numbered 240,000 by the mid-1870s and constituted about one-third of the colony’s population. Although by this time some two-thirds of the settler population spoke Dutch or Afrikaans, political power rested largely with an English-speaking elite of merchants, lawyers, and landholders. The answer is C.

Apartheid is mainly used for describing the political system of South Africa until 1994 in which people of different races are separated. The answer is D.

After the killing of black protestors in Sharpeville, it became clear that apartheid could never be overcome by peaceful means alone. The correct answer is A.

Nelson Mandela became the first President of South Africa in 1994 after the end of the apartheid. The answer is D.

The most important domestic agency created during Mandela’s presidency was the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which was established to review atrocities committed during the apartheid years. It was set up in 1995 under the leadership of Archbishop Tutu and was given the power to grant amnesty to those found to have committed “gross violations of human rights” under extenuating circumstances. The commission released the first five volumes of its final report on October 29, 1998, and the remaining two volumes on March 21, 2003.

South Africa is the only African country in G-20. The answer is A.

BRICS (acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) is an intergovernmental group, gathering five major emerging national economies. Chile is not a member of BRICS. The answer is D.

Since 1994, post-apartheid South Africa has followed a foreign policy-oriented mainly toward the strengthening of South-South relations.  Positioning South Africa as a country of the South and promoting South-South relations emerged as the priority issue in foreign policy for each successive government. The answer is A.

Portuguese is the official language of Brazil.

Brasilia is the capital of Brazil.

Real is the currency of Brazil.

1822 is the date of independence of Brazil.

The New Republic are began in 1985.

1964-1985 are the dates of the Military Dictatorship in Brazil.

Mercosur is a South American trade bloc established in 1991 to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people and currencies.