KÜRESEL GÜNEY VE YÜKSELEN GÜÇLER - Deneme Sınavı - 6

This sudden rise of the South over the past few years is an outcome of the noticeable market-friendly policies implemented by the West. However, it is also an imminent menace to the West and, more specifically, to the USA.

Power Status
Great Powers: Statu quoists- Reformists
Rising Powers: Reformists-Revisionists

These include Argentina, Nigeria, Qatar, and Turkey 5 Global South and Emerging Powers 1 to mention but a few. Over time other groupings including CIVETS (Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, and South Africa), N-11 (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, South Korea, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Turkey and Vietnam), and MINTS (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) have become noticeable by scholars and researchers of international affairs.

A term popularized by the economist Jim O’Neill in the “Building Better Global Economic BRICs” research to improve attention on the rapidly increasing economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China. South Africa joined this family in 2011.

MINT countries include Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey. Doğru yanıt D seçeneğidir.

Only the BRICS reveal a significant capability to challenge the existing US rule as a superpower despite several emerging middle powers. Similarly, it has become increasingly undeniable that this economic advancement of Mexico and South Korea has stirred extensive international influence for many countries.. Bu nedenledoğru seçenek C seçeneğidir.

The term global herein is used to refer to the South from an indirect geographical perspective. Instead, the term Global South emerged as a reference to the region beyond the geographic locations, and otherwise biased perspective of the developmentalism school of thought. To create a distinction in their definitions, “Global” was included to “South” to identify the term as one that does not merely refer to geographical classifications but as a notation to the existing unequal global power relations, imperialism, and neo-colonialism. Doğru seçenek E seçeneğidir.

While some scholars may contend that China’s emergence is an inherent threat, others acknowledge it as a chance for the West, particularly for economic grounds. The former; thus, view the rise of China and its allies more as a menace to the USA and Western hegemony, while the latter, to a significant extent, do not. Yet, others remain convinced that China and the BRICS are rapidly rising and appreciate that their rise is a disruption to the US hegemony. The former perspective in IR theory relates to the realism school of thought while the latter reflects a liberal internationalism opinion. Realists and liberal internationalists significantly differ on the specific policies and on other extensive theoretical points. For instance, the 2003 Iraqi war revealed pro-war liberal internationalists and anti-war realists. Doğru seçenek A seçeneğidir.

There are a variety of approaches and theories that question US hegemony in the literature such as critical theory, world system theory (WST), dependency theory, post-colonial theory.  Doğru seçenek B seçeneğidir.

Modernization theory is significant in this discussion in that it encourages developing nations to embrace activities of the West as a foundation for their advancement.. Bu nedenle doğru seçenek A seçeneğidir.

The 1990 era of two superpowers was in several aspects simpler and easier to comprehend. However, this simplicity was a consequence of a superficial outlook of the international political situation. The overlay of the bipolar ideological struggle concealed other advancements such as the emerging powers and the rise of non-state security threats, and transnational challenges such as climate change. In the 1990s, it was unthinkable that the Soviet Union would collapse within two years or that Japan would experience severe economic difficulties adversely impacting its growth in the subsequent two years. Besides, in this era, it was unforeseeable that non-governmental terrorist networks would become a challenge for international politics. Bu nedenle doğru seçenek C seçeneğidir.

Among the many underlying questions about Global South and emerging powers, the most significant include the effect of this emergence to world politics. The will to exercise one’s power calls for a nation’s combination of economic and military power. Most importantly, nations ought to comprehend that power ought to translate into influence. As such, a nation reduces its leadership costs when its subordinates recognize the nation’s power. Bu nedenle doğru seçenek D    seçeneğidir.

Antonio Gramsci once remarked that a hegemonic social order sitting on the foundation of moral and intellectual authority and voluntary acceptance is more enduring due to its legitimacy. Bu nedenle doğru seçenek  D  seçeneğidir.

Arguably, the emerging powers and the established ones, such as European nations and Japan, enjoy the liberty of selective involvement in global matters. Bu nedenle doğru seçenek A seçeneğidir.

Paul Kennedy argues that if the effects of power shift are evident in crises, conflicts, and wars, it is because the global economy has been undergoing structural changes.

On the other hand, some researchers demonstrate that this development reflects the rise of what has variously been described as the Beijing Consensus, the China model or state capitalism all of which challenge the US-centred, neoliberal Washington Consensus

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