KALİTE YÖNETİMİ

When "Managing for Innovation" core value is analyzed, it can be understood that innovation means making meaningful change to improve your products, services, programs, processes, operations, and business model, with the purpose of creating new value for stakeholders. Innovation requires a supportive environment, a process for identifying strategic opportunities, and the pursuit of those that are intelligent risks. The correct option is D.

The EFQM Model structure is based on the simple but powerful logic of asking three questions:

“Why” does this organization exist? What Purpose does it fulfill? Why this particular strategy? (DIRECTION)

“How” does it intend to deliver on its Purpose and Strategy? (EXECUTION)“What has it actually achieved to date?

“What” does it intend to achieve tomorrow? (RESULTS

The correct option is C.

A standard is a set of policies, rules, directives, and procedures set by management for all major transactions to guide employees to successfully perform their jobs (Imai, 1986).

Quality is • an organization-wide process. • what the customer says it is. • a way of managing. • an ethic. • the most costeffective, least capital intensive route to productivity. • implemented as a total system connected to both customers and suppliers (Watson, 2005, p.52).

Standardization is the process of setting and applying certain rules with the contribution and cooperation of all parties. In standardization applications, the basic document is the standards. The standards included in the standardization are the agreed-upon documents that are established with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, prepared for common and repetitive uses, and approved by an authorized institution that are not mandatory to implement (TSE, 2019).

Although the main benefit of defining quality standards and producing according to these standards seems to be customer satisfaction, quality standards have many other benefits, some of which are as follows (TÜRKAK, 2019): • Ensuring productivity in production and increasing profitability, • Increasing employee motivation, • Yielding stronger competitive power in national / international sectors, • Helping to achieve sustainability, • Facilitating the increase of market share by increasing trade volume, • Strengthening the perception of reputation for goods or services, • Helping to increase the level of quality and reliability

In Turkey, the Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) is authorized to prepare national standards.

All of the functions stated above are TSE's functions.

Accreditation is • a way to ensure quality assurance, • an independent external evaluation, • a method of obtaining a quality certificate, • a document that is not permanent and is valid for a certain period of time, • an evaluation process,

Accreditation is an ongoing process that guarantees the competence of accredited bodies performing conformity assessment services such as:

There are lots of benefits of accreditation. It;

• helps to establish quality assurance, • inspires trust, • improves the quality of work by developing standards or criteria, • encourages the continuous development of the work done with a systematic approach, • provides accountability, • provides transparency,

Self evaluation is a review based on systematic concrete data that allows an organization to identify strengths and areas for improvement and to periodically measure progress.

There are a number of features that the standards used for production and/or service delivery in enterprises should have. Accordingly, standards (Algan, 2015, p. 3), • prioritize the safety of human health, life and property, • ensure the uniformity of products and / or services, • require the production of quality products and / or services, • require that they are produced especially economically in accordance with the intended use, • are based on the verified results of scientific, technical and experimental research, and • are proven for accuracy.

Although the main benefit of defining quality standards and producing according to these standards seems to be customer satisfaction, quality standards have many other benefits, some of which are as follows (TÜRKAK, 2019):

• Ensuring productivity in production and increasing profitability, • Increasing employee motivation, • Yielding stronger competitive power in national / international sectors, • Helping to achieve sustainability, • Facilitating the increase of market share by increasing trade volume, • Strengthening the perception of reputation for goods or services, • Helping to increase the level of quality and reliability

The TSE is a full member of these organizations and the only representative of them in Turkey. The international organizations that the TSE is a member of are listed below: • ISO (International Organization for Standardization since 1956), • IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission since 1956) • SMIIC (Standards and Metrology Institute for the Islamic Countries since 2010) • CEN (European Committee for Standardization since 2012) • CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization since 2012)

The TSE has many different functions, which are listed below:

• To prepare all kinds of standards or have them prepared, • To examine the standards prepared within the Institute or outside the Institute and to accept them as Turkish Standards if deemed appropriate, • To publish the accepted standards and to encourage their implementation, and to submit those that are deemed beneficial to make mandatory to the approval of the relevant ministry. • To prepare standards and projects at the request of the public and private sectors and to provide expert opinions, • To conduct all kinds of scientific technical studies on standards and to follow similar studies in foreign countries.

The standards prepared by the TSE are prepared with the participation of all relevant stakeholders in line with the international standards preparation principles. These stakeholders include the private sector, SMEs, universities, public organizations, and the non-governmental organizations such as associations and unions.

The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) is a regional standard organization established in 1961 by the members of the European Economic Community (EEC) and EFTA (European Free Trade Area).

Following the definitions given above, we can list the characteristics of accreditation as follows: Accreditation is • a way to ensure quality assurance, • an independent external evaluation, • a method of obtaining a quality certificate, • a document that is not permanent and is valid for a certain period of time, • an evaluation process, • a process at theend ofwhich an organization is decided to be accredited or not accredited, • a process where the institution and the organization must prove that they operate according to the quality criteria used in the assessment, • a process where, after receiving this document, institutions or organizations are monitored periodically, • a process where, if requested by the institutions, the accreditation process is initiated. Volunteering is essential.

Accreditation is an ongoing process that guarantees the competence of accredited bodies performing conformity assessment services such as: