KALİTE YÖNETİMİ

1. Proposal for a work program

2. Review of the proposals

3. Preparation of the standard draft

4. Review of the standard draft

5. Acceptance of the standard draft by the technical committee

6. Publication

Quality is undoubtedly a concept that can vary according to the expectations of the person who demands a product or service. However, it depends on the standards to ensure that the quality is always the same when a good or service is requested for those with similar expectations. In other words, standards control the variability of quality. In fact, quality is about how much the standards are followed. In this respect, the concepts of quality and standard complement each other.

As also understood from the information given, the answer is E. All of the statements related to the concepts of quality and standard in the options are correct.

As also understood from the information given, the answer is E. All of the features in the options are the features that the standards used for production and/or service delivery in enterprises should have.

As also understood from the information given, the answer is E. All of the statements related to standards in the options are correct.

Quality standards are the predetermined criteria that will ensure the production of a good or service at a level that meets the expectations of demanders. These quality standards should not be considered as features that should be acquired only after the goods or services have been obtained. Here, such quality standards in the enterprises should be considered as a whole. They should start with the inputs needed for the production of the goods or services, continue with the production process, and rather than ending with the acquisition of the output, they should include the after-sales services as well (OAİB, 2019).

As also understood from the information given, the answer is E. All of the statements related to standardization and quality standards in the options are correct.

As also understood from the information given, the answer is E. All of them are the benefits of defining quality standards and producing according to these standards.

A national standard is a sector-specific standard that is published by the relevant organization of a country. In Turkey, the Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) is authorized to prepare such standards. The Turkish Standards Institute was established in 1960 in order to bring standards for all kinds of materials, products, procedures, and services. Only standards accepted by the TSE in Turkey are called the “Turkish Standard”. The implementation of the standards is optional, but may also be mandatory with the approval of the relevant ministry. In order for a standard to be mandatory, it must be a Turkish Standard. Mandatory standards are published in the Official Gazette (TSE, 2019). The TSE has many different functions, which are listed below:

As also understood from the information given, the answer is E. All of the functions in the options are among the functions of the Turkish Standards Institute (TSE).

As also understood from the information given, the answer is E. The standardization activities performed by these organizations are followed by the Mirror Technical Committees (MTC) established by the TSE and the published standards can be accepted as Turkish standards (TSE, 2019).

As also understood from the information given, the hierarchical order of the TSE Standards Formation Process is given in the option A, so the answer is A. Technical Committees are committees established to conduct scientific studies, prepare standards and carry out translation activities related to standardization activities. These technical committees are composed of experts with experience and knowledge in their respective fields. These experts are not TSE staff and they carry out their activities as required by the standard preparation process.

As also understood from the information given, the answer is E. All of the statements in the options related to systematic review of TSE Standards are correct.

European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) is a regional standard organization established in 1961 by the members of the European Economic Community (EEC) and EFTA (European Free Trade Area). TSE has   been a full member of CEN since 2012 and CEN members have the right to participate in the work of any technical committee. TSE harmonizes the European standards published by CEN and publishes them as Turkish standards and monitors the preparation of standards through mirror committees. In some technical committees of CEN, the secretariat is carried out by the TSE. (CEN BOSS,         2019)  

https://boss.cen.eu/ reference%20material/Pages/default.aspx.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)

The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) is a regional standard organization that prepares the European Standard for electrical and electrotechnical issues. It is responsible for standardization activities in the field of electrotechnics. It prepares voluntary standards that facilitate trade between countries, create new markets, reduce compliance costs, and support the development of the European Market as a unity. TSE became a full member of CENELEC in 2012. (CENELEC, 2019)      

https://boss.cenelec.eu/ reference%20material/Pages/default.aspx.

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a non-profit, international, and non governmental organization established in 1906 in accordance with Swiss Laws. It develops international standards and operates conformity assessment systems in the field of electrotechnology.    In IEC, each country may be    represented by a National Committee member.    

The TSE has been a full member of IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) since 1956, and attends some of the technical and sub-committees of IEC as a full member, and others as an observer member. The IEC’s certification body is a member of the IECEE / MC and CB. The TSE has been a member of IEC finance committee for many years. The national committees that are the members of IEC can participate in the technical committee work of their stakeholders as a participant or observer member. All national stakeholders in Turkey can participate in the international standardization activities through the Mirror Committee platforms. Observer members have access to committee documents and can participate in meetings, but cannot send experts to any working groups. When a participant member notifies its interest to participate in the committee activities, it is obliged to vote on the opinion documents of the committee concerned and attends meetings as much as possible. (IEC, 2019)       

https://www.iec.ch/members_ experts/refdocs/governing.htm.

International Standardization Organization (ISO)

International Standardization Organization (ISO), which develops and publishes international standards and to which Turkey also belongs as a member, is a non-profit organization with members from 164 countries. The TSE has been a full member of the International Standardization Organization since 1956. National standardization organizations, which are ISO members, can participate in the technical committee studies of their stakeholders as participant or observer members. All stakeholders at the national level can participate in international standardization studies through the  Mirror Committee platforms in Turkey. Participating as an observer member, the member has access to the committee documents and can participate in the meetings, but cannot send experts to the working groups. Actively participating in the committee activities as a participant member, the member has the obligation to vote on the opinion documents of the committee concerned and has to attend the meetings as much as possible. The TSE is currently a full member of 41 Technical Committees (TC) and 46 Subcommittees (SCs) of the ISO. It is an active member of the ISO’s Policy Development Committees for the developing countries committee (DEVCO), the conformity assessment committee (CASCO), and the consumers committee (COPOLCO).  It is an observer member of the reference materials committee (REMCO) ISO 9000 Quality Management Standards were first published in 1987. The ISO standards were revised in 2015. Today, the following standards are used more often within the scope of the ISO 9000 standards (ISO, 2019):

https://www.iso.org/resources.html

ISO 9000: 2015 : Quality Management  Systems-Basic Concepts and Glossary

ISO 9001: 2015 : Quality Management  Systems-Requirements (Certification based standard)

ISO 9004: 2018: Quality Management Systems - Performance Improvement Guide

ISO 19011: 2000: Guidelines for Quality System Audit

As also understood from the information given, the answer is E. All of the statements in the options related to  the international organizations which the TSE is also a full member of are correct.