JEOPOLİTİK STRATEJİ

"Political Geography” published by Friedrich Ratzel in 1897 is considered the beginning of contemporary geopolitics. Later, “Sea Power Theory” developed by Alfren Thayyer Mayan and the “Heartland Theory” created by Halford JohnMackinder emerged. Nicolas Spykman worked on Mahan’s and Mackinder’s theory and put forward the “Rimland Theory”. Also Zbigniew Brzezinski developed a theory called the Great Chessboard

It is the center where the tree religions were born.

Today, there are many factors determining the geopolitics of the Middle East. Among these, energy security, terrorism, strategic straits and canals, axis of religion and sects are the main elements.

The Theory of maritime sovereignty developed by Alfred Thayer Mahan in 1890 and one of the most important geopolitical theories has been a development that increases the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the Suez canal. According to this geopolitical theory, a state’s way to world domination is to dominate the sea.

Due to both the number of reserves it has and its power over price determination, the Middle East has come to mind at once when it is stated World Energy Security.

The emergence of conflicts of interest and sectarian expression among Islamic sects in the Middle East emerged with the birth of Shiism.

There are three reasons for that: 

Energy resources, Anti-terrorism strategy,  International politics:

France derives 80 percent of its electricity production from nuclear energy, in which a large part of its uranium needs is supplied by “French Africa” countries such as Niger, Mali, Gabon, and the Central African Republic. In addition, raw materials such as magnesium, phosphate, and chromium found in the African countries in question are also important for production in the French arms industry and other industries.

B is the correct answer.

The African continent was not considered as a center of agriculture.  The correct answer is (E).

Bush is not one of the key figures in the study of geopolitics

Jerusalem is revered in major monotheist religions

Suez Canal is in Egypt

Global oil crisis erupted in late 1973 and made a peak in early 1974

Hormuz Strait is important for transportation of energy resources, particularly oil

Shiism and sectarian priorities have played a crucial role in the Iranian foreign policy and regional strategy after the revolution.

Security of local people is not a priority for the US foreign policy and strategic outlook

Industrial revolution is the main reason for colonialism in Africa

All these elements are important in the consideration of Africa in strategic plans in 2000s.

France used uranium in 80 pct of its electricity production and these countries are rich in uranium.