JEOPOLİTİK STRATEJİ - Deneme Sınavı - 6

The theory that the state could control the human and physical resources of the Eurasion landmass
between Germany and central Siberia would be in a position to rule the world. The Heartland Theory
was developed by British geographer Sir Halford J. Mackinder in his paper “The Geographical Pivot
of History” (1904) and his best known work Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of
Reconstruction (1919). The heartland theory emerged from Mackinder’s detailed study of the global
relationship between land and sea power

Like the other regions Central Asia does not have clear-cut borders. In the narrow and the most
common sense Central Asia refers to the five former Soviet Republics; Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,
Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan

Kjellen made a classification of states and divided great powers into two categories as world powers and great powers. Accordingly, England, the United States, Russia and Germany were counted as world powers; France, Japan, Austria- Hungary and Italy on the other side as great powers.

The correct choice is D.

The correct choice is B.

The correct choice is A.

The correct choice is C.

The correct choice is C.

The correct choice is C.

The correct choice is B.

The correct choice is E.

The correct choice is E.

The correct choice is B.

Another geopolitical approach which made a great impact is Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations. Huntington’s approach is not based on the struggle for gaining control over geographical areas, or in other words the determining factor for struggle in Huntington’s theory is not geography but civilization. In Huntington’s words, “the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or economic. [But instead] the great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural”. The answer is B.

Within the area of geopolitics, it is more common to study geo-culture through the lenses of states foreign policies. In this sense, geo-culture is concerned with how a state might utilize its cultural bonds with other countries in the pursuit of geopolitical interests. These cultural bonds are factors such as religious, historical, linguistic or ethnic ties. The answer is D.

Dual containment was an official U.S. policy during the 1980s and 1990s that aimed at surrounding Iran and Iraq, the two most strategic adversaries of the U.S. and Israel in the Middle East. Despite the fact that it was started during the Carter period, the term was officially used for the first time by Martin Indyk, the Special Assistant to the President and National Security Council, during the Clinton administration in 1994. The implementation of the policy was different for Iran and Iraq since their characteristics were different. However, the common idea was to isolate both countries regionally and to exclude them from the world economic and trading system. The case of Iraq was multilateral that included the economic and military sanctions against Iraq by the UN. In addition to the sanctions, the overthrowing of the Saddam regime was the extension of this policy. On the other hand, the U.S. had unilateral containment regime in Iran that was not supported by UN resolution. The answer is B.

The major aim of the EU for developing relations with neighbors is stated in the Wider Europe Communication of the European Commission: “...to develop a zone of prosperity and a friendly neighbourhood – a ‘ring of friends’ – with whom the EU enjoys close, peaceful, and cooperative relations” (The European Commission, 2003: 4).

Its internal borders have been drawn based on various principles and theories such as natural borders or linearity and hydrofrontiers.

Its subregions differ geographically from each other and this has had serious geopolitical implications for the continent throughout history.

Its internal borders have been drawn based on various principles and theories such as natural borders or linearity and hydrofrontiers, while its external border areas have been the subject of imperial domination and competition since the days of the Roman Empire to the 20th Century. Despite its unique geography, Europe has rarely been a unified geopolitical actor. Today, the EU is expected to become such an actor on a regional and global scale, and it has developed policy tools such as enlargement and neighborhood to achieve this goal