İŞLETME ETİĞİ - Deneme Sınavı - 7

Increasing unemployment

Multinational enterprises

Creating income equality

incentives

cultural

China

relativist

Nike

ILO

Differential treatment of persons

Some marketing practices such as advertisements aimed at misleading and manipulating consumers, selling products harmful to the environment and health, pricing policies that push consumers to make decisions under pressure, unfair treatments among distribution channel members, etc., arise ethical concerns related to marketing.

Different factors are influential in the formation of marketing ethics, as decision makers and practitioners. Above all, the personal characteristics that make up the personalities of decision-makers and practitioners affect ethically their marketing decisions and behavior. The characteristics, objectives, vision, mission, strategy and policies of the organization and the administrative mentality constitute the organizational factors that affect marketing ethics.

Marketing activities are criticized based on its impact on individual consumer, society as a whole as well as environment, on other businesses. Effects on technology is not a criticism of marketing.

Materialism promotes symbolic features rather than pure functional features of products, such as prestige or status. Material people tend to be less satisfied with their perceived standard of living as they desire to possess even more things constantly. Therefore, unconscious, irrational or pure hedonic consumption hinders sustainable consumption.

Greenwashing means a range of communications that mislead people into adopting overly positive beliefs about an organization’s 
environmental performance, practices, or products.

Product safety, counterfeiting, recycling, packaging are related with ethics in product while anticompetitive pricing is related with ethics in pricing.

Obsolescence refers to a product being out of date or not useful any longer. There are four types of planned obsolescence which are; (1) technological or functional obsolescence, (2) psychological or style obsolescence, (3) systemic obsolescence and (4) obsolescence due to the failure and breakdown of the product.

Advertising ethics includes the following elements: The purpose of advertising to be clear and legitimate, the compatibility of the content of the advertisement with the general moral principles of society, not deluding, and not disparaging the competitors.

The more conscious the customers are in their consumption decisions the more they will force businesses to make ethical decisions.

There are four aspects why consumer education is needed related to conscious consumption: (1) informed choice (consumers should have knowledge about goods and services), (2) value system (consumers should know how to share and care as part of society), (3) recognition of responsibilities and rights (consumers should be aware of their rights), and (4) catalyst for action (consumers should be able to take action to get their rights in problems they face).