İŞLETME ETİĞİ - Deneme Sınavı - 1

Although MNE's activities are more recent, the origins of such corporations go back more than four centuries. The first MNE is often considered as ‘British East India Trading Company’ which was founded in 1600.

Misuse of natural and human resources by MNEs are among the most argued critics. It is criticized that MNEs sell products made from natural resources such as oil, minerals, and timber at a much higher price, and the country where such resources are exploited, benefit much less from the sales price mainly due to tax exemptions or other incentives provided to these corporations. Besides, MNEs can create barriers to entry and economies of scale. As a result, some local businesses may be put out of business. Although they may face antitrust violation activities from local governments, they already create income inequality.

In low-context cultures, people are explicit and directly say what exactly they mean. Latin American, Asian, and African countries characterize high-context cultures, whereas Northern European and Anglo- Saxon countries (USA, UK) are examples of low-context cultures.

Relativism is simply the belief that the ethical values and beliefs of one culture are not better than others.

Consumerism is defined as “a modern movement for the protection of the consumer against useless, inferior, or dangerous products, misleading advertising, unfair pricing, and others”.

Check out Table 8.2 Ten Principles of UN Global Compact, page 234.

Check out Table 8.3 OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on page 235.

Creative accounting is the right answer.

Investment scam is the right answer.

Hoarding is the right answer.

Data analysis techniques such as data mining can be used on large pools of customer data to find patterns that can guide decision making in firms and predict future behavior.

The ethical issue concerning humanity relates to the fact that machines can significantly affect human behavior and interaction.

The purpose of data de-identification process is to remove any identifiable information from the dataset so that individuals remain anonymous

In Pike’s (2019) CRAFT framework for ethical decision making involving big data, each letter in the acronym stands for:

C: Choice; R: responsibility; A: Accountability; F: Fairness; T: Transparency

Over the last decades, Internet-based technologies such as e-commerce, social networking and more recently m-commerce, cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) have steadily infiltrated business operations and markets.

Ethical analysis dealing with cloud computing stems from its relevant characteristics such as the shift of control from users to cloud service providers, resources being located anywhere in the world, administration by different organizations, with interconnection of multiple services across the cloud (Timmerman et al., 2010). These characteristics bring about several ethical concerns such as security, privacy, ownership and control.

All true except (d). IoT allows organizations to monitor and track employees in offices and also in other locations. Employee surveillance (with or without their awareness) can compromise privacy, security and safety of employees.

In Turkey, the Law on the Protection of Personal Data No. 6698 was published in April 2016 by the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) on processing and transferring of personal data and the rights of data subjects (http-18). It is in keeping with the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)  and the EU Data Protection Directive. For example, explicit consent must be given to data subjects in processing and storing personal data. The rights of data subjects include the right to apply (have access to) and the right to complain (to the Personal Data Protection Board).

The four major legal frameworks to protect intellectual property are copyright, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets.

Another type of computer abuse is the use of deepfakes. A deepfake uses AI and deep learning to manipulate or generate visual and audio content in which a person’s existing image or video is replaced with someone else’s likeness (http-30). There is a deep concern over the use of deepfake on the Internet as the technology enables the creation of realistic-looking photos or videos of people saying or doing things that did not happen in real life.