INTRODUCTİON TO BUSİNESS

A system is a collection of interacting, interrelated or interdependent components that are organized for a common purpose.

Production is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and banking services.

The main purpose of production systems is to produce goods and/or services.

The transformation process in the production
system can be:
• Physical: in manufacturing operations,
• Locational: in transportation or warehouse
operations,
• Exchange: in retail operations,
• Physiological: in health care,
• Psychological: in entertainment,
• Informational: in communication.

The transformation process in the production
system can be:
• Physical: in manufacturing operations,
• Locational: in transportation or warehouse
operations,
• Exchange: in retail operations,
• Physiological: in health care,
• Psychological: in entertainment,
• Informational: in communication.

During the transformation process, the production function in the company involves four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control.

Reselling services is unusual

Some aspects of quality are measurable in goods.

Production management involves the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the production process.

Continuous flow process: This type of flow process is usually used in process industries such as paper, chemicals, bulk foods, petroleum and water.

The job-shop process is used when a company manufactures several different products that require different types of processing and processing for different products is performed in different sequences.

The ultimate goal of production management is to provide high-quality goods and services instantaneously in response to customer demand by the lowest possible cost.

Customization aims to make a unique product or provide a specific service to specific individuals. Although it once may have seemed impossible, mass customization, which means tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers, is now practiced widely.

During the transformation process, the production function in the company involves four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control.

Some of goods can be resold, some aspects of their quality are measurable, selling is distinct from production of goods, location of a facility is important for cost, it is often easy to automate production of goods.

Production is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw
materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and
banking services.

Transformation process in the production system can be:
• Physical: in manufacturing operations,
• Locational: in transportation or warehouse operations,
• Exchange: in retail operations,
• Physiological: in health care,
• Psychological: in entertainment,
• Informational: in communication

Following definitions explain main characteristics of production management:
• It is the process of effective planning and regulating operations of the production section of an enterprise which is responsible for the act transforming materials into finished products.
• Production management provides decisions to the production process for ensuring that the resulting goods and services are produced in accordance with the quantitative specifications and demand schedule with minimum cost.
• Production management is a set of general principles for production economics. Facility design, job design, schedule design, quality control, inventory control, work study, and cost and budgetary control are some application examples for the production management. This definition
explains the main areas of an enterprise where the principles of production management can be applied.

Disadvantages of the flow processes: Initial costs are high; work can become tedious and boring; and the production system is extremely vulnerable.

Advantages of the flow processes: Since specialized equipment is used, operations are efficient; workers can benefit from repetition of a narrow range of tasks; material handling can be simplified; work-in process inventories are small; space utilization is efficient; quality conformance is easier to achieve; and production scheduling and coordination are relatively easy.

Cellular manufacturing is a process that produces families of parts within a single line or cell of machines operated by operators who work only within the line or the cell. A cell is a small scale, clearly-defined production unit within a larger factory. This unit has complete responsibility for producing a family of like parts or a product