INTRODUCTİON TO BUSİNESS

Dealing with human resource issues is not only the HR department’s responsibility. All managers are, in a sense, human resource managers because they all get involved in recruiting, interviewing, selecting, and training their employees. The success of any HRM program requires the cooperation of managers at different levels who must interpret and implement HRM policies and procedures. Even line supervisors select prospective employees, train them, make salary recommendations, and provide performance feedback. Without managerial support, HRM programs cannot succeed. Therefore, human resource managers need to understand clearly how to communicate their policies and procedures to other units of the organization.

The correct answer is D.

Internal environmental factors are issues that are related with an organization’s internal environment. Internal environmental factors affecting HRM are personal characteristics, job characteristics, and organizational factors. Some of these factors are organizational, e.g. size of the organizations, environmental climate, top management, structure of the organization and the sector, and the characteristics of the industry that the organization operates. Thus, top management of the organization is an internal factor that affects HRM policies of the organization. 

Number of women in the US workforce and the aging workforce are related with workforce diversity. Labor Law No.4857 in Turkey is a part go governmental regulations. Globalization is a factor that affects economic conditions. these are all external environmental factors.

The correct answer is B.

Employees' motivation is a part of personal characteristics, which is one of the internal environmental factors that affect human resource management. Workforce demographics, technological advancements, economic conditions and government regulations are among external factors.

The correct answer is A.

Labor supply is the availability of workers with the required skills in the future. The forecast of the supply of human resources must take into account both the present workforce and any changes that may occur within it. When forecasting the supply, planners should analyze the organization’s existing employees to determine who can be retained to perform the required tasks. Thus, in this example, the human resource department forecasts the supply of engineers needed in the future.

The correct answer is C.

Job analysis is the systematic process of getting detailed information about the skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing jobs in an organization. Job analysis provides a summary of a job’s duties and responsibilities, its relationship to other jobs, the knowledge and skills required, and working conditions under which it is performed.

A job specification is a document containing the minimum acceptable qualifications that a person should possess in order to perform a particular job. Job specification includes job related information such as educational requirements, experience, personality traits, and physical abilities.

The correct answer is D.

A company performs background investigation to verify that a potential employee is who they claim to be to check a person’s criminal record, education, employment history, and other activities that happened in the past in order to confirm their validity. Checking the license with the licensing authority is a kind of background investigation that a company is likely to carry out before recruiting a candidate.

The correct answer is E.

On-the-job-training (OJT) refers to new or inexperienced employees learning through observing peers or managers performing the job and trying to imitate their behavior. OJT is preferred especially for training newly hired employees, upgrading experienced employees’ skills when new technology is introduced, cross training employees within a department or work unit, and orienting transferred or promoted employees to their new jobs. The most widely used OJT technique is apprenticeship which is a work-study method. Such training is a formal and long term on-the-job-learning. It traditionally involves having the learner/apprentice study under the supervision of a master craftsperson.

The forms of training under other options are among off-the-job training methods.

The correct answer is D.

Specific, measurable, achievable and realistic are the characteristics that constitute the SMART principle. However, in this acronym, T refers to time-bound, which means that the target state is described with a time dimension.

The correct answer is E.

Human resource (HR) refers to the workforce within an organization responsible to perform certain duties assigned by the management for achieving organizational goals.

Human resource management (HRM) consists of all the activities involved in acquiring, maintaining, and developing an organization’s human resources.

Human Resources Mangement(HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns.

The success of any HRM program requires the cooperation of managers at different levels who must interpret and implement HRM policies and procedures.

Internal environmental factors affecting HRM are personal characteristics, job characteristics, and organizational factors.

External environmental factors affecting HRM are workforce and demographic trends, government regulations, and economic challenges and trends.

Primary human resource management challenges include determining how many people are needed and for how long, and where the company can provide the employees it needs.

Human resource planning is the process of assessing the future human resource need, determining the availability of the type of people needed(occupation categories are included in this part) and creating plans for how to meet the need.

Dealing with human resource issues is not the only the HR department’s responsibility. On the contrary, all managers are, in a sense, human resource managers because they all get involved in recruiting, interviewing, selecting, and training their employees. The success of any HRM program requires the cooperation of managers at different levels who must interpret and implement HRM policies and procedures. Without managerial support, HRM programs cannot succeed. Therefore, human resource managers need to understand clearly how to communicate their policies and procedures to other units of the organisation. There is not only one and the best way for managing human resources. Based on size, sector, employee numbers, financial situation, employee skills and location, each company develops its own HRM program. Organisations operate in a changing environment. Managers need to consistently observe the business environment for opportunities and threats affecting human resources and be prepared to react quickly to these challenges. The environmental factors influencing organisations and human resource management can be described in two main categories. They are internal environmental factors and external environmental factors. The correct answer is Choice D.

Trends shaping human resource management are:

Globalization

Increased competition

Deregulation and increased indebtedness

Technological innovation

More high-tech jobs

More service jobs

More knowledge work

An aging workforce

Economic crises

Slower economic growth in many countries

Internal environmental factors are issues that can be found within an organization’s internal environment. These factors can be indicated as personal and organizational factors, job characteristics in the organization, and interpersonal relationships. External environmental factors affecting HRM are workforce and demographic trends, government regulations, and economic challenges and trends.

Human resource management (HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns. The correct answer is A.