INTRODUCTİON TO BUSİNESS - Deneme Sınavı - 8

Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (1776) proposed the division of labor in which the production process was broken down into a series of small tasks, each performed by a different worker. The specialization of the workers on limited, repetitive tasks allowed them to become very proficient at those tasks and further encouraged the development of specialized machinery.

Lean production is the production of goods using less human effort, less manufacturing space, less investment in tools, and less engineering time to develop a new product.
A company can be accepted as making lean production by continuously increasing its capacity to produce high quality goods while decreasing its need for resources. Lean
production is based on the premise that nothing will be produced until it is needed.

The flow process is a very common method of production. This type of process is used when the product is built up through many separated stages in a sequence. This production method is financially the most efficient and effective because there is less of a need for skilled workers.

Some of the important advantages of the job-shop process: Wide variety of products are produced; operators become more skilled; full potential of operators can be utilized; opportunity exists for creative methods and innovative ideas; and since machines are grouped, therefore supervision task becomes more effective.

Manufacturing engineers are required to achieve objectives to be competitive in a global context:
• Reduction in inventory
• Lower the cost of the product
• Reduce waste
• Improve quality
• Increase flexibility in manufacturing to achieve immediate and rapid response to
product changes, production changes, process changes, equipment changes and
the change of personnel.

Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer,
and consumer. Supply chain management coordinates and integrates these flows both within and among companies.

An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company’s intranet that is extended to users outside the company. Some extranets can not be accessed by the general public.

Companies use operations support systems to maintain records and otherwise support operations and decisions at a nonstrategic level. Operations support systems produce a variety of information products for internal and external use; however, they do not emphasize the specific information products that can best be used by managers. Further processing by management information systems is usually required. The role of a company’s operations support systems is to process business transactions, control industrial processes, support enterprise communications and collaborations, and update corporate databases

Production is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and banking services. The correct answer is A.

Goods can be inventoried. The correct answer is B.

Continuous flow process is usually used in process industries such as paper, chemicals, bulk foods, petroleum and water. The correct answer is C.

The job-shop process is used when a company manufactures several different products that require different types of processing and the processing for different products is performed in different sequences. The correct answer is D.

Cellular manufacturing is a process that produces families of parts within a single line or cell of machines operated by operators who work only within the line or the cell. The correct answer is E.

When there is a high level of customisation, low volume and one-of-a kind product like bridges or cargo airplanes, project processes are used. The correct answer is A.

Lean production emphasizes flexibility and quality. The correct answer is B.

Just-In-Time Production System first developed and perfected within the Toyota manufacturing plants by Taiichi Ohno as a means of meeting consumer demands with minimum delays. The correct answer is C.

Mass customization means tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers. The correct answer is D.

Supply chain management is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, and consumer. The correct answer is E.

During the transformation process, the production function in the company involves four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control. Feedback mechanisms are required to monitor the performance of the transformation process. It is not one of the sub-functions of the transformation process.

The correct answer is E.

The job-shop process is used when a company manufactures several different products that require different types of processing and the processing for different products is performed in different sequences. Maximum flexibility can be achieved by this process. General purpose machines are suitable in job - shops because they are capable of performing many different types of operations and thus capable of producing a wide variety of products with small lot sizes. Machines which perform similar function grouped together such as lathe machines in one department, milling machines in another department, and so forth. There is a high customisation, high flexibility of equipment, and skilled labor in a job-shop process. A tool and die shop is an example of job-shop, where job process is carried out to produce one-of-a kind tools or customised printed products. Furniture, and custom-made chemicals are other examples of this type of process.

Project process is also related with customization in production. However, this process is generally characterised by a large scope for each project, and need for substantial resources to complete the project. 

Thus EqruConcept manufactures goos based on the job-shop process. The correct answer is B.