İNSAN HAKLARI

Plato thinks that if each and all do their own tasks, injustice will not occur in a society. Conversely, only if each class does their own duties, the state will be just. Therefore, justice is regarded as the master virtue, because the existence of the other virtues depends on justice. Doğru cevap " B " dir.

According to the conception of equality, justice includes treating equal persons equally, and treating unequal persons unequally. This is the principal of the distributive justice. Doğru cevap " C " dir.

According to Augustine, for example, the Roman Empire was never a truly just political state, because it was an earthly state and true justice can only be found in the Christian state of God. “Original sin and the fall of man made it impossible for secular law and justice to redeem people from evil” and “justice will always remain a promise that cannot be fulfilled in this life. Justice is a divine attribute  which does not belong to this world” (Douzinas, 2000, 55). So, Augustine made the classical theories of justice compatible with Christian dogmas.  Doğru cevap " D " dir.

Locke puts forth an idea of the rights of man against the idea of a strong state. “Locke’s natural rights were threefold: life, liberty, and property; he is thus considered to be the founder modern liberalism” (O’Byrne, 2013, 30). Doğru cevap " A " dır.

His political theory is based on the concept of natural law. In addition to Hobbes’ and Locke’s fundamental innate rights, such as life, freedom and property, Rousseau also expresses social and economic rights in his theory of social contract. Doğru cevap " B " dir.

Any particular conception cannotbe a basis of pure principle of state; and a universal principle of right cannot be based upon happiness, but only upon universal principle, such as freedom. Kant thought that the distinction between right and virtue is based on the concept of freedom, but in different ways; this distinction makes it necessary to divide duties into duties of outer freedom and
duties of inner freedom (Kant, 1996, 534). Doğru cevap " C " dir.

The English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, who made a utilitarian critique of the theory of natural law and the concept of natural rights, developed an early form of legal positivism. He denied many concepts such as natural rights, state of nature and social contract, since these rights are not observable and enforceable for him. Bentham insisted natural rights were not just nonsense and fallacies, they were also pernicious and anarchical (Douzinas, 2000, 109).   Doğru cevap  " D " dir.

For Paine, rights have corresponding positive duties and all persons have a duty to contribute towards a society so that everyone can fully enjoy their natural rights. According to Paine, any right of me as a man is also the right of another; and it becomes my duty to guarantee as well as to possess it. Doğru cevap " E " dir.