İNSAN HAKLARI

Kant defines human being as a dual creature who belongs to both the world of phenomenon and noumenon. This kind of duality means that man is endowed with reason, meanwhile with desires. Kant distinguishes between theoretical and practical reason, thinking and willing. As a creature endowed with reason, man is able to act ethically according to the law of reason or moral law: act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. To have the capacity to act according to the moral law or law of reason consists of human nature in Kant’s theory of man. Being endowed with reason makes possible to act ethically and it differentiates man from other creatures which are not able to act ethically due to their biological nature. The correct answer is A.

Donnelly speaks of different senses of the term “universal” in human rights; besides anthropological and ontological universality, he mentions from functional, international legal and overlapping consensus universality. The sense of universality that he considers philosophically and politically indefensible is the anthropological and ontological universality. He emphasizes that universal human rights, if they are understood in the first sense as functional, international legal and overlapping consensus universality, will leave considerable space for cultural particularity and other forms of diversity and relativity. Conceptual universality, however, establishes only that if there are any such rights, they are held equally/universally by all. It does not show that there are any such rights. The correct answer is A.

Donnelly speaks of different senses of the term “universal” in human rights; besides anthropological and ontological universality, he mentions from functional, international legal and overlapping consensus universality. The sense of universality that he considers philosophically and politically indefensible is the anthropological and ontological universality. Therefore, it can be concluded that he considers conceptual and international universality defensible. The correct answer is D.

It is from Universal Declaration of Human Rights

It is about kuçuradi

It should be rights

It should be like A

It is about katleb

It should be donnely

It should be donnely

Human rights have roots deep in the mists of time.Yet, the term in the modern sense can be traced to the aftermath of World War II and the foundation of the United Nations, Since 1945, the term of human rights has witnessed an unprecedented expansion in the internationally recognized rights of all people.

“Early legal developments in the area of human rights are said to have emerged from the Magna Carta of 1215, a contract between the English King and Barons who were dissatisfied with the taxes being levied by the monarch. The rights contained in the Magna Carta were not human rights, but rather political settlement. Human rights belong to all human beings and therefore cannot be restricted to a select group of privileged men. From a contemporary perspective, the Magna Carta turns out to be a rather unfortunate example of a human rights declaration”

The French Declaration begins by stating that ‘Man are born and remain free and equal in rights’. The concept of liberty is defined in Article 4 of this Declaration and the other articles related to the rule of law including the fair trial processes.4

Human rights as an idea and a conception of human mind grounds on an account of human being who should have the needed conditions to actualize his/her potentialities and everyone should be treated so that each will have the conditions to realize his or her possibilities.

Human rights are the moral rights of every human person regardless of his/her nationality, race, religion and gender, and irrespective of their codification. These rights express some necessities related to each human being. Everyone has basic and inalienable rights due to his/her biological nature. Human rights are the moral rights of every human being because of his/her being a member of the human species.

The idea of human rights presupposes a concept of human being or human nature.

Though some argue that the concept of human dignity in moral theory goes back to the ancient Greek philosophy, it is seen as a concept of modern philosophy in the sense of we use today it. The defense of rights has a longer history than the history of concept of dignity which began in the revolutions in Britain in the seventeenth century, proceeded in America and France, continued in Kantian philosophy, and developed further in J. Rawls political philosophy and D. Dworkin’s legal theory in the twentieth century.

Though some argue that the concept of human dignity in moral theory goes back to the ancient Greek philosophy, it is seen as a concept of modern philosophy in the sense of we use today it. The defense of rights has a longer history than the history of concept of dignity which began in the revolutions in Britain in the seventeenth century, proceeded in America and France, continued in Kantian philosophy, and developed further in J. Rawls political philosophy and D. Dworkin’s legal theory in the twentieth century.

Katleb considers the human dignity as an existential value.

The historic development of the concept of human rights is often associated with the evolution of Western philosophical and political principles, yet a different perspective could find reference to similar principles concerning mass education, self-fulfilment, respect for others, and the quest to contribute to others’ well-being in Confucian, Hindu, or Buddhist traditions. Religious texts such as the Bible and the Koran can be read as creating not only duties but also rights.