İNSAN HAKLARI - Deneme Sınavı - 9

The Statute of the CoE is signed on 5 May 1949 by ten States, namely Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Iceland, Greece, West Germany and Turkey joined the original signatories within a year and therefore regarded by some as founding members. The Council has 47 members as of 2019. Canada, Vatican, Japan, Mexico and the US are Observer States, whereas Israel is Observer to the Parliamentary Assembly. The correct answer is C.

The Secretary-General, who is elected for a term of five years by the Parliamentary Assembly, leads and represents the Council. S/he is expected to supervise the routine operation of the organisation. Yet the main decision and policy making body of the Council is the Committee of Ministers. The correct answer is E.

The Parliamentary Assembly (PACE) is generally seen as the “public face” and even the “motor” of the Council. The Assembly consists of 324 members of parliament from the 47 member States representing some 800 million people. The correct answer is B.

The plenary court has administrative and judicial bodies. The administrative ones are called Section. There are five sections, each of which has its own president, vice-president and a number of judges selected in a way that gender-balance is ensured. The correct answer is C.

Obtaining credit from bank is not prohibited by ECHR. The correct answer is E.

Greece is the only member who withdrew from the CoE in 1969 before the Committee of Ministers voted for its suspension due to the military coup of 1967. The correct answer is A.

Turkey was suspended from the Assembly in 1981 in response to the 1980 military coup and regained its right to vote in 1984 following the democratic elections of 1983. The correct answer is B.

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), which was the other main organ beside the General Assembly, entrusted with the promotion of human rights lost most of its relevance when the Commission on Human Rights was abolished in 2006 and a new sub-organ, Human Rights Council was established under the General Assembly.

The Declaration is such an important document that the date it was accepted by the General Assembly is still celebrated as the Human Rights Day all over the world. The correct answer is B.

In 1960, Leland Goodrich wrote that “For the time being and for the foreseeable future, the role of the United Nations in promoting respect for human rights will need to be a more limited one” (Goodrich, 1960, 259). Five years later, it is observed that since members took an obligation to advance human rights, they agreed that they might discuss violations and even appoint committees of investigation (Eichelberger, 1965, 83). The correct answer is C.

Two covenants were signed in 1966: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The correct answer is D.

Universal Declaration and International Covenants together make the International Bill of Rights.

1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women specifies measures for the advancement and empowerment of women in private and public life, particularly in the areas of education, employment, health, marriage and family. It is often described as an international bill of rights for women. The correct answer is E.

1965 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination describes racial discrimination in its Article 1 as “any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on races, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social cultural or any other field of public life”. The correct answer is A.

There are 14 country offices with a mandate of human rights observation, protection, technical cooperation activities and public reporting. These countries are Burundi, Cambodia, Chad, Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Republic of Korea, Mauritania, Mexico, State of Palestine, Tunisia, Uganda, Yemen. The correct answer is E.

The Human Rights Committee is a body of 18 independent experts. The correct answer is D.

2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities states that persons with disabilities include those who have longterm physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. The correct answer is C.

The African Charter was adopted in 1981 by the then operative The Organization of African Unity. The Charter entered into effect in 1986 (Buergenthal, 1995, 228). The correct answer is A.

1960’s was an era of decolonization. Many peoples having suffered from the rampant imperialism and colonialism were keen on the idea of establishing their own states. OAU was the political outcome of this larger trend and was founded in 1963 by those recently-established African States. The correct answer is A.

The first actor created for the better execution of the rules available in the African Charter is the so-called Banjul Commission. The Commission consists of 11 members. The correct answer is B.