İNSAN HAKLARI - Deneme Sınavı - 4

In short, bearing in mind that all these “legal” decisions require a majority vote of two-thirds of the “political” representatives entitled to sit on the committee, going through such a complicated and time-consuming process, convincing two-thirds of the members to antagonise one another and securing an expected result is not that easy.

National courts will give decisions in line with the advices of the ECrtHR so that an individual application would not be necessary at all.

B) Only because of being a member of the human species

After determining the promotion of human rights as one of the organization’s purposes in Article 1/3, UN Charter gives place to human rights in its articles 13, 55, 56, 62, 68, and 76. The correct answer is E

Commission on Women’s Condition are just two examples of it. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues which is a sub-organ of the ECOSOC has a mandate to discuss indigenous issues including human rights. The correct answer is D

Commission on Human Rights was replaced with the Human Rights Council in 2006. The correct answer is B

Two main organs of the UN, General Assembly and the ECOSOC were given the task of promoting human rights generally. The correct answer is A

These two covenants remain the most comprehensive conventions adopted yet. Both
begin with a common article that sets forth the right of self-determination for all peoples. The correct answer is B

It can be discerned from the relevant articles that the Charter’s main concern was the discrimination based on race, sex, language or religion. This concern was also reflected in the Preamble in the formula of the “faith in the equal rights of men and women”.

Two covenants were signed in 1966: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). These two covenants remain the most comprehensive conventions adopted yet. Both begin with a common article that sets forth the right of self-determination for all peoples.

1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child is the most universally ratified human rights convention. It describes child as “every human being below the age of eighteen years”. According to Article 3, in all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration.

Security Council is in the context of the postconflict UN peacebuilding support activities. Many United Nations peacekeeping operations and political and peacebuilding missions also cover human rights-related mandates aimed at contributing to the protection and promotion of human rights through both immediate and longterm action; empowering the population to assert and claim their human rights; and enabling State and other national institutions to implement their human rights obligations and uphold the rule of law.

There are many committees, commissions, councils, working groups, etc. with the purpose of promoting human rights. This abundance of bodies creates confusion about how a certain body is called. All bodies established under conventions are called ‘committee’. The ECOSOC’s subsidiary body was ‘The Commission’. The General Assembly’s subsidiary body is ‘The Council’. Working groups are mainly established under these principal subsidiary bodies. Still, giving name to these bodies is made in a haphazard way, and there is not any certain rule about it

There are 14 country offices with a mandate of human rights observation, protection, technical cooperation activities and public reporting. These countries are Burundi, Cambodia, Chad, Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Republic of Korea, Mauritania, Mexico, State of Palestine, Tunisia, Uganda, Yemen.

1966 Human Rights Committee (CCPR), • 1985 The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), • 1965 The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), • 1979 The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), • 1984 Committee Against Torture (CAT), • 1989 Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), • 2004 Committee on Migrant Workers (CMW), • 2006 Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), • 2006 Committee on Enforced Disappearances (CED), • 2007 The Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture (SPT).

Any member state can be examined under special procedures even though it has never been a party to any convention made under the auspice of the UN. They are created according to the implied powers of the UN whose purposes include the protection of human rights. Under implied powers, an international organization can create necessary means to achieve its purpose, even though a certain means is not mentioned in its founding treaty.

In 1970, the ECOSOC allowed the Commission to examine communications and replies of governments if they appear to reveal a consistent pattern of gross violations of human rights. Commonly referred as 1503 procedure, it was considered as a major step forward. Governments concerned were somewhat compelled to do something about them, as no country wished to be put under spotlight for violating human rights (Matiya, 2010, 315).

The Universal Periodic Review was set up in 2006 together with the establishment of the Human Rights Council. It is a State-driven process which provides the opportunity for each State to declare what actions they have taken to improve the human rights situations in their countries and to fulfil their human rights obligations.

1966 Human Rights Committee (CCPR). The correct answer is D

The Human Rights Committee is a body of 18 independent expert