İNGİLİZ/AMERİKAN EDEBİYATI I - Deneme Sınavı - 7

Bildungsroman: This type of novel is originated in Germany and flourished in the Europe especially in England thereafter. The long term development of a character or the maturation process of the hero is being told. Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847) is one of the famous examples of Bildungsroman. Therefore, the correct option is B.

Protagonist:It is the central character in the story. It can be a sympathetic hero or an unsympathetic anti-hero and this character is considered as dynamic most of the time. Protagonist’s actions and aims drive the plot forwards. It may be an individual or a group. Therefore, the correct option is C.

Conflict may be emotional, physical or ethical, but it gives way to a kind of tension that the characters resolve and struggle against. The conflict may be related to the protagonist’s(the central character) struggle against an antagonist(the opponent of the protagonist) or an opposing force. Therefore, the correct option is C.

CircularPlot Structure:In this type the action finishes where it is started. At the end of the story we should find ourselves in the same place where the action started. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Stream of consciousness is “a form in which the writer aims to give a sense of how a character’s mind works by tracking his/her thoughts as they flow one topic to another”. Therefore, the correct option is A.

In basic terms it is the physical background, time, and location of the story. Setting is important for creating the mood and atmosphere of the story. There can be different settings in a novel. Sometimes, the setting can also be symbolic. Therefore, the correct option is B.

Tension and conflict reaches the highest point with climax. It stands for the turning point of the action when the rising action becomes the falling action. At this point the conflict takes a definite turn toward solution. Therefore, the correct option is B.

In basic terms, it means saying one thing while meaning another.Irony occurs where aword or phrase has one surface meaning but another contradictory, possibly opposite meaning is implied. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Bram Stoker interviewed Winston Churchill and published articles on the censorship of fiction. He favored the censorship of the immoral sexual content in fiction in his ‘The Censorship of Fiction’  published in Nineteenth Century and After in 1908

It is quite obvious in the novel that Stoker read much on the Eastern European folklore related to the vampires. However, his vampires differ from those of others as Count Dracula was not depicted like a zombie just sucking blood.

The 19th century witnessed an interest in modern psychology and psychiatry. Freud and others used techniques like hypnosis and trance and investigated the unconscious mind of the human. All these concerns about the human mind are reflected in the novel. It was also the era that embraced scientific and rational thoughts against the religious beliefs. Darwin’s ideas dominated the era and are reflected especially in Jonathan Harker and Dr. Seward’s characters,

One important point about Dracula is the depiction of women sexuality. The characters like Lucy (before she became a vampire) and Mina are depicted as pure and moral whereas the three weird sisters at Dracula’s castle are depicted as sexually immoral creatures.

The novel starts with the records of Jonathan Harker’s journal. The whole novel is based on letters, diaries, notes, telegrams and newspaper articles.

Mina Murray has a friend called Lucy Westenra. Lucy and Mina write each other and from the letters, we learn that Lucy is proposed by three men on the same day: Dr. John Seward who runs a mental institution, Mr. Quincey Morris who is an American adventurer, and Mr. Arthur Holmwood who is a noble English man.

The Gothic fiction involves supernatural elements such as ghosts, demons, monsters, goblins and vampires. The settings in Gothic fiction are generally dark and deserted castles, ancient remnants and haunted houses. However, epistolary narration does not mean that it has to be a Gothic fiction.

Although the settings change according to the narration, the common point among all settings
is the dominating gloomy tone.

Professor Van Helsing is not blinded with scientific point of view. He is an open-minded old fellow who finds out how to destroy Dracula based on his knowledge of the Eastern folklore and superstitions. He is the only character who possesses a mind open enough to contemplate and address Dracula’s dark powers.

Mina is clever and has an extraordinary brain that is unusual for a woman. She knows the train tables by heart, she is good at organization and she is the one who brings the pieces together in order to understand and destroy the Count. Moreover, she uses technology well as she is speedy in typewriting and curious about using Dr. Seward’s phonograph. However, she uses all these to help her husband, which shows that she is dutiful and domestic.

What makes Robinson realistic as a character is his presenting himself as man with fears, repentance and misfortunes. Although, he creates a whole new land from almost nothing, he does not talk about this as an exceedingly heroic deed, but rather as a sign of survival instinct.

First of all, Robinson is incapable of any human intimacy. He does not feel any close ties to his family.  Being a materialistic man, Robinson tries to show his gratitude with money. These might show that Robinson has his personal flaws.