İNGİLİZ/AMERİKAN EDEBİYATI I - Deneme Sınavı - 29

James Joyce is known for his unique stream of consciousness style, which inspired William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf later on. Therefore, the correct option is A.

As an Irish writer, James Joyce pictured the lives of Irish people in his works and his narrations were about the lives and thoughts of his people. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Ireland was trying to get its independence from Great Britain and James Joyce  experienced difficult times in preserving the Irish culture against the dominant English culture. Therefore, the correct option is D.

The Ulysses is written by James Joyce. Therefore, the correct option is E.

'The concept of marriage becomes more than a feeling and it includes the social standards, moral obligations and public perception' is simply the background to the story. Therefore, the correct option is C.

As one of the most successful short story writer H.E. Bates quotes, “the basis of almost every argument or conclusion I can make is the axiom that the short story can be anything the author decides it shall be.”

The shortest short story can be no more than a page or two in length, or can run over a hundred pages. Most of the terms used for analysing the component elements, the types, and the various narrative techniques of the novel are applicable to the short story as well.

Oral story telling tradition was the previous form of short stories that we read in our modern world. Oral stories were told to youngsters by elders of the tribe in a rhyming poetic format so that others can remember the stories in the future.

It is believed that the earliest form of storytelling traditions are the folk tales, proverbs and the legend fables. Another ancient form of short story is anecdotes. This short story form was famous during the years of Roman Empire. These forms function as a sort of parable in which the narration is brief and realistic.

Fables are the short stories featuring animals and plants which are given human qualities. They show how foolish or wise people can be. While making us laugh, their main purpose is to teach a particular lesson to people.

Short stories can be categorized in several different ways. It is possible that one short story may fit into several different categories. These are; The plot short story, The action story, The plotless short story, The episodic story, The character story, The thematic story, The psychological short story.

The psychological short story: Sometimes the character of the story fits into this category. Typically any action in the story takes place within the character-such as changes in feelings, states of mind, beliefs, desires, and attitudes. One leaves such a story knowing a great deal about what the character is like internally.

Plot, in general definition, is the sequence of incidents or events that composes the story. A story plot may include what a character says or thinks, as well as what s/he does. Yet it leaves out description and analysis and concentrates ordinarily on major happenings.  On the other hand, plot, in a very common definition, is a connected chain of events.

Denouement (resolution): It is the final outcome of the story. The main event or the conflict unravels. In resolution loose ends are tied up, the fate and perhaps, the future of the characters is revealed.

Round character: It is the character type who is many sided, complex, has multiple qualities and unique. To describe these characters is not easy. This character type may require an essay for full analysis.

Irony: This term always includes some elements of saying or implying the reverse of, the literal meaning of the words used. There are three types of ironies in literary works.

Verbal irony: In this type of irony one meaning is stated and a different meaning is intended.

Situational irony: Inconsistency between appearance and reality, or between expectation and fulfilment, or between what is and what would seem appropriate.

Dramatic irony: depends on the structure of a literary work more than on the actual words of the characters.

The mother tells that she has promised the quilts to Maggie when she gets married. Dee does not want machine-sawn quilts and insists on the ones she has chosen. She believes that Maggie will not understand the value of the quilts and she will probably put them to everyday use. On the other hand, Dee wants to hang the quilts on the walls to preserve their historical value. The mother does not accept the idea of Dee’s taking the quilts and says that Maggie knows how to use the quilts. She remembers she offered Dee a quilt years ago when she went to college, but Dee did not want to take the quilt and found it too old-fashioned. The mother hugs Maggie and gives her the quilts.

The setting of the story is mainly the yard of the house the mother and Maggie lives in. The house is depicted as having three rooms with a roof made of tin. The house is located in a rural landscape and has a poor outlook. Instead of real windows, there are holes on the sides.

The exact time of the story is not overtly stated, but this story is published in Walker’s story collection book In Love and Trouble (1973).

She raised two girls on her own and she is proud of it. She had to take on a masculine persona to do all these. However, she thinks Dee does not value her enough and Dee’s lack of appreciation puts a distance between her and the mother. The mother dreams of uniting with Dee on a television show and Dee is appreciating her mother in front of an audience. This shows that the mother thinks her daughter does not give her the value she deserves. The mother gives hints that Dee does not like the way her mother looks. On the imaginary television show the mother thinks she looks like how Dee would like to see her: hundred pounds lighter with a skin like a barley pancake and tasking with the show presenter in a direct way. However, in reality the mother cannot look the men in the eye and she hesitates when she has to talk to them. Dee is in stark contrast to the mother and Maggie that she is self-confident and makes eye contact while talking to others. The mother could not get proper education most probably due to her skin color in the 20s. It seems that Dee looks down upon her and Maggie because they could not receive proper education like her and they could not understand the real value of the family heritage. However, at the end of the story the mother understands the real intention of Dee and gives the quilts to Maggie.

She is the mother’s older daughter. She went to city to receive education and now turns to her house for dinner. She is an attractive and sophisticated woman with a superficial understanding of her inheritance. She now has changed her name into Wangero. She is rather selfish. In the past, she did not like her house and the quilts, but now she shoots the picture of the house and wants to take the old quilts. Her mother calls her Dee/Wangero throughout the story. According to the mother, Dee hated their old house and what it represented: the poverty, loneliness and isolation. She always wanted good things such as good-looking clothes, a good education and a nice stylish look.

She asks to have the old churn made up of wood and the quilts left to the family over generations. She does not want these things in order to remember her family or background, but to use them as ornaments in her house, most probably to show them as signs of the oppression on black people.