Information Technologies in Business

“E-business is the transformation of key business processes through the use of Internet technologies.”

E-commerce started with the usage of some technologies, such as electronic funds transfer (EFT) and electronic data interchange (EDI) in 1970s.

B2B is a type of e-commerce model where the two sides of exchange are businesses.

B2C is a type of e-commerce model where the one side of exchange is businesses and the other side of exchange is consumers.

C2C is a type of e-commerce model where the two sides of exchange are both consumers. 

Well-known examples of C2C e-commerce companies in Turkey are Sahibinden. com and GittiGidiyor.com.

In C2B e-commerce model, they may be two different approaches. In the first approach, consumers may sell its products or services to businesses. In the second approach, the transactions are initiated by consumers. Consumer sends a request to businesses for a product or service and then businesses make a bid. Then, consumer decides where the product or service will be bought from. 

 G2B is a type of e-commerce model where the one side of exchange is government and the other side of exchange is businesses. In this model, government provides services or information to businesses via the Internet.

The main aim of G2C model is to fulfill the citizens’ requests for various government services.

Some of the key components of Amazon.com are as follows:

• Browsing;

• Searching;

• Reviews and content;

• Secure credit card payment;

• High level of customer service.

The initial program that Omidyar wrote allowed users to realize only three functions. These functions are listed below:

• listing items;

• viewing items;

• placing bids.

ERP is a type of software solution that aims to meet the needs of an organization for its business process flow.

An ERP finance module is a part of ERP software that gathers financial data and generates reports, such as overall balance sheets and quarterly financial statements.

CRM is an approach to building and sustaining longterm business with customers. Companies use this approach to manage and analyze customer interactions.

Human Resource Management (HRM) Module HRM module in ERP systems allows the Human Resources Department Staff to maintain information on employees. It is designed to maximize employee performance depending on employers’ strategic objectives.

Supply Chain Management (SCM) Module SCM module helps coordinating all supply activities of an organization. These supply activities can be related to suppliers, partners, or customers of the organization. This module includes planning, execution, control, and monitoring of all supply activities.

Inventory module in ERP systems aims to provide the good inventory management that organizations need.

Purchase module handles the processes related to procurement of items that are required for organizations. This module contains information about suppliers for various items.

Production Planning Module Production planning helps an organization for optimization of all available resources while delivering products. Organizations can track product creation processes with the help of this ERP module. It is mainly designed to monitor day-to-day production progress.

Sales module allows an organization to track the sales processes in an efficient way. It helps such functions as order placement, order scheduling, shipping, and invoicing.

Commercial software is a kind of software that is designed and developed by anyone for selling to customers with a license fee. The source code of commercial softwares are not distributed to the general public in general.