Computer Communication
What is The Internet of Things (IoT)?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of smart devices that can communicate and interact with their external environment. A smart car that can calculate the shortest route to a destination is an example of an IoT scheme.
When didi Tim Berners-Lee, a computer scientist at CERN, invent the World Wide Web?
In 1989
What is a computer network?
A computer network is a system that enables computing devices to exchange data among themselves.
What do computer networks allow the users to do?
Computer networks allow the users to:
• Exchange and share data and files
• Communicate with each other via e-mails,
video calls, instant messaging, etc.
• Share a hardware resource such as a printer
or a scanner
• Share Internet connections
• Store and access data centrally
What are the basic hardware components?
1.Network Interface Controllers
2.Repeaters and Hubs
3.Bridges
4.Switches
5.Routers
6.Modems
7.Firewalls
What is a network interface controller (NIC)?
A network interface controller (NIC) is a circuit board that enables a computer to connect to a network.
The World Wide Web (WWW), also known as the Web, is the most commonly used and fastest growing application of the Internet.What are the key technologies the Web based on?
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
• Web Servers
• Web Browsers
What is Transmission media (medium)?
Transmission media (medium) is the pathway that carries information from sender to receiver.
Transmission media is classified into two groups.What are they?
Guided media and unguided media.
What does ''guided media'' contain?
Guided media contains twisted pairs, coaxial cables, and optical fibers.
Why are switching mechanisms applied to the information?
In order to deliver the information through these paths accurately, switching mechanisms are applied to the information.
With how many different techniques is switching operation usually done?
Switching operation is usually done with three different techniques, namely circuit switching, message switching, and packet switching.
What is the main advantage of packet switching?
The main advantage of packet switching is that many devices can share the same channel at the same time.
How are Computer networks usually classified?
Computer networks are usually classified into different types according to their transmission technology, topology, and scale.
What is a personal area network (PAN)?
A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network that connects electronic devices to a person within a very limited range. In general, a PAN includes computers, smartphones, tablets, and printers.
Describe a wide area network (WAN).
A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that connects multiple LANs that are located in different geographical regions. Typically, WANs are built by using leased telecommunication circuits.
What is Network topology?
Network topology is a schematic description that shows the arrangement of the elements in the network
Compare the OSI and the TCP/IP Reference Models.
• While the OSI is a theoretical guidance model, the TCP/IP is practically used for transmission of data over the Internet.
• The OSI has seven layers while the TCP/IP has four layers.
• While the transport layer in the OSI guarantees the delivery of packets, the transport layer in the TCP/ IP does not ensure delivery.
• Replacing a protocol is easy in the OSI, harder in the TCP/IP.
• The TCP/IP does not clearly distinguish between services, interfaces, and implementations, whereas, the OSI does.
What are the primary goals of network security?
The primary goals of network security are confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Compare active attacks and passive attacks.
While active attacks try to change data and system resources, passive attacks monitor the system to gain information and discover vulnerabilities.
What are Network Management Requirements?
The requirements of network management are described with FCAPS, a model for network management created by ISO. FCAPS is the acronym for fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security.