Introduction to Information Technologies
What is the main difference between ordinal data and numerical data?
In the ordinal data, the categories are in certain orders.
What are the types of numerical data?
Discrete and continuous.
What can be defined as the data that represent the relational connection?
Information.
What can be defined as a deterministic process that involves transformation of information into instructions?
Knowledge.
What term in the data-information-knowledge-wisdom hiararchy is relevant to the future while the others are related to past?
Wisdom.
What is a 'byte'?
A unit of data that consists of 8 bits.
How can a decimal number be converted to another number system?
The number is divided by the target base, then the remainders are saved as the digits of the results in reverse order.
What are the information processing steps that should be present in the information systems in order to convert raw data into useful information?
Collect, organize, analyze, store/retrieve, process, transmit/receive and display.
What step in the information processing is related to providing the appropriate format of data to be used for further processes?
Organize.
What step in the information processing is related to the transfer of data and information within the
system or between the systems?
Transmit/Receive.
What does the term 'E-Business' mean?
Conducting the business via electronic medium, e.g. over the internet.
What are the three basic operations computers can perform?
Accepting data, processing data and storing the processed data.
What three groups can computers be categorized into?
Desktop computers, laptop computers and tablet computers.
What is a very powerful multi-user computer that can support thousands of users at the same time called?
Mainframe.
What is a supercomputer?
An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions (or more) per second using parallel processing.
What job does the central processing unit perform in a computer?
It executes and controls all the processes within the computer.
Where in a computer data is permanently stored after processed by CPU until changed or deleted?
Hard Disk Drive.
Modern computers are generally based on the architecture developed by Von Neumann in 1945. What are the three major items in this architecture?
In this architecture, there are three major items, namely CPU (or, simply processor), memory unit, and I/O unit.
What is the term used for a signal to the processor released by hardware or software that indicates a particular event requiring immediate attention?
Interrupt.
What objectives is the operating system of a computer supposed to accomplish?
It is supposed to execute user programs and make solving user problems easier, make the computer system convenient to use and use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.