INFORMATİON TECHNOLOGİES - Deneme Sınavı - 13

Now we are living in the digital universe. It has been predicted that amount of digital bit produced in 2020 will be the same amount of stars in the universe. The data, which is created and copied annually will reach 44 zettabytes, or 44 trillion gigabytes. Data driven companies use predictive analysis to model the future. So those prediction tasks determine the scope of Artificial Intelligence (AI) fields. Tools, which are interacted with people, will adopt themselves to the requirements of the day and future.  Technology will continue to change the needs and scopes of environment and those who have ability to interfere with technology will be more successful.

The most important fact that accelerates the evolution of human beings is undoubtedly the accumulation and utilization of the information shared during communication.

The analysis of big data makes it possible first of all to better understand the inclinations of users, to better understand their modes of use of services and to refine the offer.

It is possible to describe Big Data in four

words

• Volume: Big Data represents large amounts of data. It is generally said that 90% of the data available today have been created in the last two years.

• Speed: Data is generated, captured and shared at ever faster speeds Data and data delays are always shorter and are most often processed in real time or near real time.

• Variety (or heterogeneity): the analyzed data are not necessarily structured. They can come from different sources (and have a different format, such as text, images, multimedia content, digital traces, etc.) and can be combined. Data stored in an internal customer file can be combined with external data from social networks, search engines, official notice sheets or open data portals managed by public authorities.

• Value: the last characteristic is the added value that the analysis of the data represents and the usages that can be made of it.

A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other objects. The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information, such as modelling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies

The IoT is a widespread network system where the infrastructure is basically formed by the device to the device communication technology and the physical objects in an environment are communicated with each other or with wider systems. The meaning of the object concept in the IoT varies according to the technology used in the terminal devices. Those can either be simple sensors or RFID devices or complex intelligent systems and multiple sensors connected to them. The IoT consists of end devices connected with different network topologies and protocols.

The term “Cloud” is a marketing term that is somewhat obscure to some, but which is explained very simply. The term cloud computing, or simply, cloud refers to a set of technologies and IT service delivery modes that encourage the use and supply of software, the ability to store and process large amounts of information over Internet.

The advantages of the cloud technologies:

• Storage and Scalability: No more infrastructure investment or time spent adding new servers and storage units. With the cloud, you basically have access to unlimited storage capacity and scalability.

• Backup and Disaster Recovery: Most cloud providers across types of services and platforms offer comprehensive backup and recovery capabilities.

• Mobility: Your cloud everywhere. Whether it is a development platform, suite of office tools or customized content management system, cloud mobility allows access data with a web connection.

• Cost effectiveness: Aside from storage and infrastructure costs, just think of all the other costs you can minimize cloud computing services: updating and managing software or applications, hiring and training new members of staff and even a reduction in the cost of energy on the spot.

The machine learning is one of the core areas of artificial intelligence (AI) and deals with the implementation of systems and algorithms that are based on observations as data for the synthesis of new knowledge (inductive reasoning). Learning can take place by capturing characteristics of interest from examples, data structures or sensors, to analyze and evaluate the relationships between the observed variables.

The augmented reality can be defined as a union between the real and the virtual image: the real image, in essence, are superimposed virtual details that complement each other, thus creating a unique environment. Precisely, in augmented reality, you can integrate the actual image with a series of virtual products such as videos and 3D animations, audio or multimedia elements, and much more. The Augmented reality is a technology that allows you to “multiply” our experience of reality through visual indicators.

Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the exchange of documents between computer systems of business partners using a standard electronic format.

E-business is the usage of the Internet for different kinds of business processes. So, the scope of e-business is not restricted with financial transactions. We can think that e-commerce is basically a subset of e-business. If any financial transaction takes place during e-business processes, we call this process as e-commerce rather than e-business.

Business-to-Government is a type of e-commerce model where the one side of exchange is businesses and the other side of exchange is government. Businesses use the Internet for transactions with public sector or any other governmental services. Businesses may sell products or services to public sector.

C2B is a type of e-commerce model where the one side of exchange is consumers and the other side of exchange is businesses. In C2B e-commerce model, they may be two different approaches. In the first approach, consumers may sell its products or services to businesses. In the second approach, the transactions are initiated by consumers. Consumer sends a request to businesses for a product or service and then businesses make a bid. Then, consumer decides where the product or service will be bought from.

HRM module in ERP systems allows the Human Resources Department Staff to maintain information on employees. It is designed to maximize employee performance depending on employers’ strategic objectives. HRM module can be used to track some functions like payroll, administration, and hiring.

eBay is a widely known e-commerce company. eBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar in 1995. Recently, it is a multibilliondollar business with operations in many countries.

Production planning helps an organization for optimization of all available resources while delivering products. Organizations can track product creation processes with the help of this ERP module. It is mainly designed to monitor day-to-day production progress.

ERP is a type of software solution that aims to meet the needs of an organization for its business process flow. It must take into account the business processes in the organization and incorporate all the functions of an organization. It must also manage the organization’s connections with its outside stakeholders. So, it is possible to say that ERP integrates all departments and functions across a company into a single computer system. These functions can be anything, such as finance, customer relationship management (CRM), human resource management (HRM), supply chain management (SCM), inventory, purchase, production planning, and sales.

Although commercial ERP software solutions are widely-used by big companies, there are also some open-source ERP software solutions. Open-source solutions are either completely free or at least have a free option with some limitations. An example is ERPNext.

Purchase module handles the processes related to procurement of items that are required for organizations. This module contains information about suppliers for various items. Efficient operations about purchase processes help cost savings for manufacturing organizations.