INFORMATİON TECHNOLOGİES - Deneme Sınavı - 1

Active objects can be equipped with several sensors, have greater storage capacity, have a processing capacity or be able to communicate over a network. Those are the devices for collecting, storing, transmitting and processing data from the physical world. The most common hardware for those active objects are embedded systems. An embedded system is a complex system that integrates software and hardware designed together to provide specific functionality.

Environmental Solutions: Distributed information system which gathers data from multiple points provide control such as air pollution, rainfall situation, dam infestation, forest fire. The system warns the authorities to intervene in an emergency.

The “private cloud” is a computer infrastructure (network of connected computers to provide services) mainly dedicated to the needs of a single organization. They are located and controlled either by companies’ IT department or third party services (in the traditional form of hosting server), to have a precise control on data. The private clouds can be compared to traditional data centers.

The advantages of the cloud technologies:

Control and Reliability: The biggest fear of cloud computing lies in its main advantage - the ability to outsource the IT power to a specialized provider.

The machine learning is one of the core areas of artificial intelligence (AI) and deals with the implementation of systems and algorithms that are based on observations as data for the synthesis of new knowledge (inductive reasoning). Learning can take place by capturing characteristics of interest from examples, data structures or sensors, to analyze and evaluate the relationships between the observed variables.

The process of interaction with virtual objects actually happens, but obviously can not be compared to what happens in the real world. In order to achieve certain results must be provided with a graphical user interface (representing the virtual world) and, in particular, three main variables should be handled:

Space: This element can be changed at will. This possibility is the fact that it is a simulated environment and not the real space.
Time: the perception of this magnitude can be very different depending on the situations in which a person is to find and what is happening around the observer.
Interaction: environments and situations are not static but are generated depending on the user behavior, which is a protagonist of the events.

Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR): It defines immersive when it is able to create a sense of sensory immersion in three-dimensional computer generated. This feeling is enhanced by the ability to interact in real time with the objects depicted in the virtual space.

E-business can be defined as the usage of the Internet technologies to enhance business processes. E-business is the transformation of key business processes through the use of Internet technologies.

Consumer to Consumer is type of e-commerce model where the two sides of exchange are both consumers. This model provides an opportunity to consumers to sell their assets via the Internet. These assets can be anything such as their previously used electronic devices and books. A transaction takes place directly between two consumers.

In Consumer to Business model, the transactions are initiated by consumers. Consumer sends a request to businesses for a product or service and then businesses make a bid. Then, consumer decides where the product or service will be bought from.

Some of the key components of Amazon.com are as follows:
• Browsing;
• Searching;
• Reviews and content;
• Secure credit card payment;
• High level of customer service.
The initial concept of Amazon.com was to create a virtual bookshop on its website.

ERP is a type of software solution that aims to meet the needs of an organization for its business process flow. It must take into account the business processes in the organization and incorporate all the functions of an organization. It must also manage the organization’s connections with its outside stakeholders. So, it is possible to say that ERP integrates all departments and functions across a company into a single computer system.

ERP system has 8 functional modules. The names of these modules are finance, customer relationship management (CRM), human resource management (HRM), supply chain management (SCM), inventory, purchase, production planning, and sales. These
are some common modules which exist in many ERP systems. Delivery management is not one of the ERP system modules.

Financial management refers to the efficient and effective management of money to accomplish the objectives of the organization. An ERP finance module is a part of ERP software that gathers financial data and generates reports, such as overall balance sheets and quarterly financial statements. Some basic components of ERP finance module can be general ledger, accounts payable, accounts receivable, fixed assets, and financial reporting.

Sales module allows an organization to track the sales processes in an efficient way. It helps such functions as order placement, order scheduling, shipping, and invoicing. Prices for items are maintained with this module.

SAP ERP has Germany as the country of origin, Oracle ERP has United States of America, Microsoft Dynamics ERP has United States of America, Netsis 3 Enterprise has Turkey, and Abas ERP has Germany as the country of origin respectively.

Various factors may affect the ERP software choice of companies. These factors may be related to requirements of companies, licence price of ERP software, hardware requirements, cost of integration, cost of maintenance, and cost of software consultancy. The size of companies and industry they included help determining their requirements. As it is valid for many software solutions, big companies require more professional and sophisticated software solutions.