INFORMATİON TECHNOLOGİES - Deneme Sınavı - 8

DIKW can be also summarized as follows. If data is characterized as recorded facts, then information is the set of patterns, or expectations underlying the data. Knowledge can be described as the accumulation of the set of expectations and
wisdom as the value attached to knowledge. The correct answer is A.

Microcomputer: It is also called as personal computer (PC). PC is usually used by single
person at home, office and business environments. Nowadays, it is the most common type of computer. PC can be in the
form of desktop, laptop or tablet form. Workstation: A workstation is like a PC, but it has more resources in terms of processing power and memory. Minicomputer: A multi-user computer that support hundreds of users simultaneously.Server: A server is similar to a mainframe that serve many uses with the main difference that the users (called clients) do their
own processing usually. The server processes are devoted to sharing files and managing access rights. Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millionsof instructions (or more) per second using parallel processing. They are often used for very complex calculations in science and engineering problems. The correct answer is B.

Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions (or more) per second using parallel processing. They are often used for very complex calculations in science and engineering problems. The correct answer is E.

Mainboard: It is located inside the computer case. Mainboard has communication channels and several interfaces to enable
communication among internal and external components such as CPU, memory and input/output (I/O) units. The correct answer is A.

Central Processing Unit (CPU): It is located on the mainboard. CPU executes and controls all the processes within the computer. The correct answer is B.

Development (Coding): It is the stage where coding and program development are realized. The correct answer is D.

Device driver , not firmware,  is a specific software that sends or receives data correctly to/from I/O units. The correct answer is  C.

Process management: Operating system is responsible for CPU scheduling for processes and threads, process synchronization
and communication, creating and deleting user and system processes. The correct answer is A.

Visual circuits are connection-oriented while the datagrams are connectionless. In visual circuits, the sub-network handles errors.However, in datagrams, errors are checked and handled by the host. It is a fact that the implementation of datagrams is easier than virtual circuits. The correct answer is E.

The classification of transmission media is as follows :

Guided Media : 

I. Twisted Pair

II. Coaxial Cable

III. Optical Fiber

Unguided Media

IV. Radio Wave

V. Microwave

The correct answer D.

A coaxial cable is a type of cable that contains two parallel conductors. Although coaxial cables have high bandwidth and they can be used over long distances, they are difficult to install and expensive than twisted pair cables. The correct answer is A.

A local area network (LAN) interconnects communication devices within a small geographical area such as an office, home, building, or factory. The main purpose of building a LAN is to provide an environment for workstations and personal computers to exchange information and share resources (e.g., network storage, printers, and applications).The correct answer is C.

In a mesh topology, each device has a pointto-point connection with a single or multiple devices. Either routing or flooding operations can transmit the messages. Since there exist redundant links in the network, the cabling cost is high in this topology. The correct answer is C.

Both the OSI and the TCP/IP has the application layer. The correct answer A.

Presentation Layer translates data to a standard format. It is responsible for character code translation, data conversion, compression, and encryption. The correct answer is D.

While the OSI is a theoretical guidance model, the TCP/IP is practically used for transmission of data over the Internet. • The OSI has seven layers while the TCP/IP has four layers. • While the transport layer in the OSI guarantees the delivery of packets, the transport layer in the TCP/ IP does not ensure delivery. • Replacing a protocol is easy in the OSI, harder in the TCP/IP. • The TCP/IP does not clearly distinguish between services, interfaces, and implementations, whereas, the OSI does. Therefore the correct answer is B.

The explosive use of the Internet has increased the potential of web browser attacks. Man-in-theBrowser attacks use Trojan horses to infect the browsers. These attacks usually try to obtain banking and credit card information.The correct answer is C.

Accounting management aims to track the usage of computation and network resources to provide a fair distribution of resources among users. The corret answer is C.

In information technology, application software is a computer program designed to help people perform an activity.An application software differs from an operating system (which runs a computer), a utility (which performs maintenance or general-purpose chores), and a programming tool (with which computer programs are created).Firmware is a small and permanent software programmed into a read-only memory. The correct answer is B.

System software is more difficult to design than application software. System software is smaller in size; whereas application software requires large space to store. Application software is more interactive than system software. System software is difficult to manipulate. System software is generally written in low-level language while application software is generally written in high-level . The correct answer is D.