INFORMATİON TECHNOLOGİES - Deneme Sınavı - 2

Requirements should be detailed, relevant, descriptor, unambiguous,
complete and conistent.

For a binary relationship, cardinality ratio can be one of the following
options: one-to-one (1:1), one-to-many (1:N), many-to-one (N:1) and many-to-many (N:M).

Data integration: Data integration merges data from different sources
such as databases, data flats etc. into a compatible data store.

Data mining is used with purpose of classification, clustering, mining frequent patterns and associations, predictions, outlier analysis and so on.

Metadata is generally referred as data about other data or catalog for a data. It describes, identifies, explains, manages, and uses a data resource.

A metadata repository of a data warehouse includes many information
about the data warehouse and some of them are listed below:
• Information about description, structure, security, authentication, usage statistics of the data warehouse
• Information about the data warehouse’s ownership
• Information about applied rules on data, such as transformation, cleaning, data mining, querying,
loading and etc.
• Information about structures of data sources of the data warehouse,
• Information about structures of data repositories and etc.

Data can be referred to as raw, unorganized facts and concepts which need to be processed. Information is organized, contextualized, meaningful data. Information is not necessarily useful in and of itself. Knowledge is defined as useful information, while wisdom is judging which knowledge is true and applying it to real life. The correct answer is C.

Data management allows for the organization, tracking, deleting, creating, and reporting of data, but does not necessarily ensure the transformation of data into knowledge through categorization. The correct answer is C.

Data warehousing keeps historical data for preprocessing, mining, analyzing and reporting. As a result, the correct answer is B.

The main steps for designing a database are; requirement collection and analysis, conceptual design, logical design, and physical design. Low level design is not one of the steps. The correct answer is E.

Requirement collection and analysis entails establishing requirements based on the intents and expectations of users, and implementing them as rules or constraints for the database. The others options are not correct. The correct answer is C.

Since each doctor in the hospital will have multiple patients, the entity relationship between the doctor and their patients would have a cardinality ratio of 1:N, one doctor for many patients. The correct answer is B.

Conceptual design provides the conceptual schema of a database by representing entities and relationships. Logical design is a more precise map of the entity relationships, providing a relational schema of the database. The correct answer is D.

DBMS stands for database management system, and Oracle, DB2, SQL Server and MySQL are all various DBMS products. The physical specifications and therefore physical design of the database may differ from product to product. The correct answer is A.

The second step of knowledge discovery, data preprocessing, uses various techniques such as data cleaning, data integration and data transformation to get rid of inconsistent, noisy, dirty and low quality data. That suggests that the correct answer is B.

Unless the business is specifically structured around providing a gaming experience, gaming is not one of the primary uses of computers in a business organization.

A device driver is a system software that operates or controls a particular hardware device.

Application is usually more interactive compared to system software. This is a salient feature of application software, as application software is a computer program designed to help people perform an activity while system software is more related to the operation of the actual computer.

A graphical user interface is the pictorial representation that defines the interface between the operating system and its users. This representation is called the shell, and while not all shells have a graphical user interface (some shells can only be used in a terminal by typing textual commands), a GUI is the graphical overlay that simplifies the operation of the shell and operating system.

Process scheduling is when the operating system optimally decides which processes will use the CPU and for how long. It tries to take full advantage of the CPU, and the OS schedules and coordinates running processes so that resources are not wasted.