INFORMATİON TECHNOLOGİES - Deneme Sınavı - 12

Data can be grouped as qualitative data and quantitative data. Quantitative data can be referred as data in numerical form whereas qualitative data can be referred as data different than numerical form. A quantitative or numeric data can be continuous or discrete. A continuous data can be any value from the specified range. A discrete data can be any one of the specified discrete numerical values.

Data can be referred as raw, unorganized facts and concepts which need to be processed. Information is organized, categorized, contextualized data. Data becomes meaningful with information. Information needs to be analyzed especially for making strategic decisions. Information does not need to be useful. Knowledge is simply defined as useful information. Wisdom is related with judging which knowledge is true and applying it to real life.

Managing data is important and provides some advantages described as follows:It provides mechanisms to become data into accessible, reliable, authentic and complete form; it provides mechanisms to securely share data between information technology systems, applications, departments or employees for an enterprise; it helps decision makers to make strategic decisions by allowing mining and analyzing data; it allows organizing, tracking, deleting, creating, and reporting data; it disallows redundancy and loss in data.

Master data is a data that describes core entities for an enterprise such as customers, assets, employees and so on. Master data management is a set of tasks, such as governing, controlling master data and so on. Master data management provides sharing data among departments and employees.

Firmware is a small and permanent software programmed into a read-only memory. The correct answer is C.

A device driver is a system software that operates or controls a particular hardware device (e.g., graphic card, printer, scanner, etc.) that is connected to a computer. It allows a computer to communicate with these internal or external peripheral devices The correct answer is C.

A browser is a software to connect to the Internet (WorldWideWeb) and displayWeb pages. Several browser implementations, such as Firefox, Safari and Microsoft Edge are listed in Table 2.5. Each Web page is distinguished and accessed by its Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which is a human-memorable address used to locate resources on the Internet. The correct answer is B.

An attribute can be any type of composite, derived, simple and multivalued. A simple attribute is the attribute which is not divisible. To illustrate, an id property for a book is simple attribute.

A browser is a software to connect to the Internet (WorldWideWeb) and displayWeb pages. Several browser implementations, such as Firefox, Safari and Microsoft Edge are listed in Table 2.5. Each Web page is distinguished and accessed by its Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which is a human-memorable address used to locate resources on the Internet. For example, to access e-Campus Web site of the Anadolu University, https:// ekampus.anadolu.edu.tr is entered in the address bar of a browser. Here, the address should be easy to remember by humans. The correct answer is E.

A browser is a software to connect to the Internet (WorldWideWeb) and displayWeb pages. Several browser implementations, such as Firefox, Safari and Microsoft Edge are listed in Table 2.5. Each Web page is distinguished and accessed by its Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which is a human-memorable address used to locate resources on the Internet. For example, to access e-Campus Web site of the Anadolu University, https:// ekampus.anadolu.edu.tr is entered in the address bar of a browser. Here, the address should be easy to remember by humans. The correct answer is E.

A spreadsheet programs, such as Microsoft excel, is used for reviewing and editing spreadsheets. Spreadsheets can be thought of tables filled with data in the form of numbers, dates, strings etc. Spreadsheet programs are powerful tools for getting meaning out of raw data. It helps to discovers trends and patterns using data bars, spark lines, color coding, and icons. Even helps summarize and illustrate insights by charts and graphs. The correct answer is C.

Text related tasks such as composing, editing, formatting, and printing of text documents are carried out by word processor. Furthermore, word processing software allows users to

• change margins

• insert footnotes

• find and replace terms

• place a header and footer at the top and the bottom of a page

• use different fonts (character design), font size (character scale), and font style (character appearance such as bold, italic and underline).

Microsoft Word is the most well-known word processing software.

The correct answer is D.

Presentation software offer various builtin themes and templates to give your slides an attractive, professional look. A theme is a readymade presentation design that contains matching colors, fonts, layouts, and special effects like shadows, reflections. The correct answer is D.

Documents created by the word processors look great and they areeasy to edit and share. But sometimes you need to redistribute them in a format that locks the layout or does not require a word processing software for opening them. Portable Document Format (PDF) is the most widely used file format to fulfil this requirement. Word processor tools allows you to save your document as a PDF. This is usually done using the export menu. The correct answer is A.

The component of an operating system that defines the interface between the operating system and its users is called the shell. Modern shells communicate the user of the computer by means of a graphical user interface. The correct answer is A.

Relational schema have some restrictions such as domain constraints, key constraints, entity integrity constrains and referential integrity constraints. According to entity integrity constraints, a primary key cannot be NULL value.

Mapping 1:1 binary relationship types: There are three possible ways to be followed while mapping 1:1 binary relationship type R relating two entity types concept to relational design. One of the choices is foreign key approach where primary key of one of the entities is inserted to the other entity type’s relation as foreign key. Merging relation approach is valid when both entity types are total participated in R. This time, two different entity types are merged into one relation. As a third choice, a relationship is created where primary keys of two entity types are used as foreign keys. One of those foreign keys are chosen as primary key of R.

Data cleaning includes processes of filling missing values, correcting inconsistencies, identifying outliers and getting rid of them. Missing values can be filled with attribute mean, attribute mean of all tuples belonging to the same class of the given tuple containing missing values, overall system mean, and a prediction produced by a learning algorithm.

Bayesian classifier is one of the mostly known classification techniques. It is based on some probabilistic computations such as computing probability of an object belonging to a class. Bayesian classifiers use Bayes’ theorem. According to Bayes’ theorem, let X be an object and H be a hypothesis that X belongs to class C. The probability of H holds is shown as P(H|X) and it is calculated as follows: P(H|X) = P(X|H)*P(H)/P(X).

Metadata can be grouped as descriptive, structural and administrative metadata. Descriptive metadata identifies a data resource. Administrative metadata defines the ways of managing a data resource. Structural metadata describes relationships between parts of a composite object.