INFORMATİON TECHNOLOGİES - Deneme Sınavı - 11

Software is a set of instructions that enables the user to interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks. Software is designed to enable a computer to perform a well-defined function.

A device driver is a system software that operates or controls a particular hardware device (e.g., graphic card, printer, scanner, etc.) that is connected to a computer. It allows a computer to communicate with these internal or external peripheral devices.

Firmware is a small and permanent software programmed into a read-only memory.

An operating system is a program that manages the computer hardware. It provides an container environment in which other programs can work.

Booting is the process of starting or restarting a computer.

The correct answer is A.

System Software is 

The correct answer is B.

Application Software is

The most prominent characteristics of Operating Systems can be summarized as follows:

• Memory Management

• Processor Management

• File Management

• Device Management

• Protection and Security

The correct answer is E.

The main objectives of the operating system can be summarized as follows:

• Enables the users to use computer in a convenient and efficient manner

• Hides complexity of the hardware resources from the users

• Acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and its users.

• Manages the resources of a computer system

• To keep track of who is using which resource, granting resource requests, according for resource using and mediating conflicting requests from different programs and users

• Provides efficient and fair sharing of resources among users and programs.

The correct answer is E.

Text related tasks such as composing, editing, formatting, and printing of text documents are carried out by word processor. Furthermore, word processing software allows users to

• change margins

• insert footnotes

• find and replace terms

• place a header and footer at the top and the bottom of a page

• use different fonts (character design), font size (character scale), and font style (character appearance such as bold, italic and underline).

Another useful feature of word processors is the spell checking utility. This feature automatically detects misspelled words and underlines them. Furthermore, it suggests a couple of corrected versions by saying “did you mean?” As it can be observed from Figure 2.6, the functionality offers several possible candidates for a mistyped word.

Word processor tools allows you to save your document as a PDF. This is usually done using the export menu.

The correct answer is D.

A spreadsheet programs, such as Microsoft excel, is used for reviewing and editing spreadsheets. Spreadsheets can be thought of tables filled with data in the form of numbers, dates, strings etc. Spreadsheet programs are powerful tools for getting meaning out of raw data. It helps to discovers trends and patterns using data bars, spark lines, color coding, and icons. Even helps summarize and illustrate insights by charts and graphs. 

The correct answer is B.

Firmware is a small and permanent software programmed into a read-only memory.

A device driver is a system software that operates or controls a particular hardware device (e.g., graphic card, printer, scanner, etc.) that is connected to a computer. It allows a computer to communicate with these internal or external peripheral devices.

Software is a set of instructions that enables the user to interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks. Software is designed to enable a computer to perform a well-defined function.

The correct answer is C.

Application software may consist of a single program, such as a Microsoft’s notepad or MacOS’sTextEdit for writing and editing simple text. It may also consist of a collection of programs, often called a software package, which work together to accomplish a particular task, such as an office suite package.

In information technology, application software is a computer program designed to help people perform an activity.

An application software differs from an operating system (which runs a computer), a utility (which performs maintenance or general-purpose chores), and a programming tool (with which computer programs are created).

The correct answer is D.

The management and scheduling of processes are handled by the operating system.Operating system optimally decides which processes will use the CPU and how long. It tries to take full advantage of the CPU. OS schedules and coordinates running processes so that resources are not wasted.

The correct answer is D.

Data can be referred to as raw, unorganized facts and concepts which need to be processed. Information is organized, categorized, contextualized data. The correct option is C.

Managing data is important and provides some advantages described as follows:

The correct option is B.

Some of the topics in data management are:

The correct option is B.

The conceptual design provides a conceptual schema of DB. It allows representing entities and relationships between them in high-level view models. Entity-Relationship model is one of the popular data model used for conceptual design. It represents data as entities, attributes, and relationships. The correct option is D.

The steps of KDD is as follows:

The correct option is D.

Knowledge discovery is referred as a process of extracting interesting and useful information from huge amount of data which can be from structured and unstructured sources. Knowledge discovery from data (KDD) draws the interests of many researchers studying on machine learning, pattern recognition, data mining, etc. The correct option is A.

Data mining is the main step in KDD process and discovers data patterns from various data repositories. Data mining functionalities specify the type of data for data mining tasks. The correct option is C.

Bayesian classifier is one of the most known classification techniques for predictive data mining tasks. The others are used for descriptive data mining tasks. The correct option is B.

Mining clusters bring together similar objects which do not have a class label. The correct option is A.

Metadata is generally referred as data about other data or catalog for a data. It describes, identifies, explains, manages, and uses a data resource. Metadata can be grouped as descriptive, structural and administrative metadata. Descriptive metadata identifies a data resource. Administrative metadata defines the ways of managing a data resource. Structural metadata describes relationships between parts of a composite object. The correct option is E.