E-İŞLETME

The increasing importance of technology and developments since the 1980s contributed to the elimination of national borders and paved the way for a global competition. E-business allows businesses to reduce their costs in commercial processes and make the competition in many businesses in the global market stronger with faster and quality product outputs.

Along with the importance of globalization, the understanding of competition in businesses has started to differ. Competition covers not only the national region where the business operates, but also the whole world. For this reason, businesses should produce products and services with strategies that can survive not only in the region they are in, but also in the world, and they should make pricing by considering the competition. Enterprises that produce products and services at the appropriate standard that can be accepted all over the world.

Thus, a national company does not necessarily gain competitive advantage over international companies in its respective country. The correct answer is E.

E-business is not only used in business functions such as production, marketing, financing human resources, public relations and R&D, but also management functions such as planning, organizing, directing, coordination and supervision. Management models used in the enterprise were also affected by the developments in information technologies. 

Nowadays, businesses have created an organizational structure that diverges from classical management, creating an opportunity for businesses that understand the most important information. Thanks to this new organizational structure, the expectations of the consumers were better met and the opportunities in the market were seen better.

An innovative approach to business is a significant part of organizational culture, allowing the business to respond better to customer needs and thus develop more effectively.

The correct answer is A.

The contribution of e-business to productivity is at the forefront in the service sector. Within the service sector, information technologies are used most intensely, especially in the banking sector. Thanks to customers who prefer to purchase services through the internet, especially in banking services, transaction costs are reduced and banking services can be performed more quickly. Thanks to the online services carried out over the internet, customer concentrations that may cause over-capacity work within banks can be reduced to a lesser extent.

The correct answer is B.

Internationally, the obstacles encountered in e-business can be listed as follows: the international market is not well known, the parties are in different countries, there are many brokerage firms, uncertainty and risk are higher than the local market. 

Difficulty in the provision of customer support is not one of the disadvantages of e-business as online customer support is quite easy and effective in e-business.

The correct answer is D.

According to Franzakvd (2001: 639), the actions to be taken to minimize ethical problems related to the confidentiality of personal information are as follows:

Informing: The consumer should be informed that their information is collected and for what purpose this information will be used.

Choice: The consumer must have the right to decide whether the information collected from him or her will be used for the specified purposes.

Access: The consumer should be able to see all the information collected from him or her at any time.

Security: Businesses are responsible for the security of the information they collect. To prevent this information from being obtained by unauthorized persons, it should take the necessary precautions and otherwise they put up with some sanctions.

Regulations: To ensure compliance with the above rules, legal regulations and self-regulatory rules of the business are required.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

Junk e-mails are unauthorized commercial e-mails that do not cause harm to the user or the user’s computer.

The correct answer is C.

The purpose of the Law No. 5809 is to establish effective competition through regulation and supervision in the electronic communications sector, to observe consumer rights, to spread services across the country, to use resources effectively and efficiently, encouraging technological development and new investments in the field of communication infrastructure, network and service, and the determination of the relevant procedures and principles.

The correct answer is E.

In Turkey, there is a wide range of legal instruments that contribute to the regulation of e0business including the Law on Regulation of Electronic Commerce No 6563, Electronic Communication Law No 5809, law on regulation of publications on the internet and suppression of crimes committed by means of such publications No 5651, and Electronic Signature Law No 5070 and Consumer Protection Law No 4077.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

In the International E-Commerce Survey conducted in 2000, WITSA found that the obstacles to e-business were as follows:

Lack of confidence in e-commerce 26%,

Lack of knowledge about e-commerce and couldn’t comprehend of subject 21%,

Transitiontoe-commerceandimplementation costs 10%,

Unsuitablenessofexistingoperatingprocedures to e-commerce 10%,

The inadequacy and ineligibility of employees’ hardware and information in e-commerce 10%,

Regulations on issues such as taxes 8%,

Institution budgets 7%,

Technological limitations %1,

Other obstacles are explained as 6%.

Thus, the correct answer is C, lack of confidence in e-commerce.

E-business contributed to the elimination of geographical and physical boundaries by enabling small firms to enter the global market more easily. Thus, smaller enterprises are able to compete with international firms. This provides them with competitive advantage.

The correct answer is D.

E-business is the most important
element of e-economy after Suarez Villa (2001:
5) expresses e-economy as “an economic system
based on information technology, where people do
business with brain power rather than body power,
and where global competition is experienced
with the opportunities provided by information
technologies”

Developments in information and communication
technologies have caused the borders to be abstract.
These developments contributed to the globalization
process. With globalization, workforce, money and
many elements have gained an international status.
Globalization generally refers to the international use
of products and services

Kotler (1998) lists new customer
insights as follows (Kotler, 1998: 32):
• The customer becomes selective with the
increase of the conscious customer,
• Increasing customer expectations regarding
goods and services,
• Decreased tendency to shop due to the
importance of time,
• The spread of e-commerce,
• Decreasing loyalty to the brand and also to
the product,
• The formation of group markets with
market classification,
• International shopping

When small businesses are involved in
e-business activities, either through direct sales
to customers or as a link in the supply chain; it
has the chance to increase its market share across
the country and the world. Small businesses face
the following opportunities thanks to e-business
(Akın, 2001: 99):
• Relatively low costs when entering the market,
• Customer potential and customer diversity
at the global market scale,
• Customizable Products and Opportunities
Encountered by E-Business

In addition, people can work in their homes and
produce services over the internet with a working
system called home office (www.e-ticaretmerkezi.
net ). In this way, it is possible to support the
participation of the economy by providing activities
such as counseling, games, and report preparation in
the internet environment for people with physical
disabilities as well as those mentioned. Thanks to
the e-business, money and time spent on reaching
the workplace are saved, thus improving business
conditions

E-business leads to a decrease in prices by
reducing costs in sectors. In addition, with the e-business
activity, the distribution services that develop and
get cheaper every day reduce the shipping costs of
the companies. Facilitated by electronic commerce
in taking orders, tracking inventory records results
in cheaper product prices

E-business ethics
cannot be considered separately from the ethical
rules in general, but it is also an issue that should
be emphasized since it contains different features
that need attention. E-business ethics is expressed
in the literature as “netiket” (Netiquette), which
can be defined as internet ethics in some studies
(Odabaşı, 2002: 44).

Problems related to the security of
data in the databases of businesses: The
unauthorized capture of the information
contained in the business database

According to Franzakvd (2001: 639), there
are rules to be observed to minimize ethical
problems caused by the problems related to the
confidentiality of personal information. These are: Informing, Choice, Access, Security, Regulations

In the International E-Commerce Survey
conducted in 2000, WITSA determined the
obstacles to e-business, which is an e-business
process, and their relative weights. These
determinations and weights. (http://www.witsa.
org/papers/EComSurv.pdf ). These detections and
weights are;
• Lack of confidence in e-commerce 26%,
• Lack of knowledge about e-commerce and
couldn’t comprehend of subject 21%,
• Transition to e-commerce and implementation
costs 10%,
• Unsuitableness of existing operating procedures
to e-commerce 10%,
• The inadequacy and ineligibility of
employees’ hardware and information in
e-commerce 10%,
• Regulations on issues such as taxes 8%,
• Institution budgets 7%,
• Technological limitations %1,
• Other obstacles are explained as 6%. The
other 1% argued that there is no obstacle to
e-commerce