DÜNYA MEDENİYETLERİNE GİRİŞ

The Hellenic Civilization is a term which refers to that period of ancient Greek history between 507 BCE (the date of the first democracy in Athens) and 323 BCE (the death of Alexander the Great). This period is also defined as the age of Classical Greece and should not be confused with the Hellenistic Civilization which labels the period between the death of Alexander and Rome’s conquest of Greece (323 - 146 - 31 BCE).

“The Hellenes profited greatly from the knowledge and achievement of other countries about astronomy, chronology, and mathematics (but it was through their own native abilities that they made their greatest achievements) in becoming the founders of European philosophy and science.”

Other notable fields emanating from the Classic Age were philosophy (Socrates, Plato and Aristotle), recorded history (Thucydides, Herodotus), theater (Sophocles, Aeschylus, Aristophanes, and Euripides), medicine (Hippocrates), and statecraft (Pericles).

The mountainous topography in most of the peninsula did not lend itself to growing grains for bread, making wheat a major import. Grapes and olives, however, flourished on the slopes of the mountains, therefore wine and olive oil were plentiful and available for trade.

The religion of ancient Greece was polytheistic, that is, having many gods and goddesses, who reflected life as it was lived in the land.

There were lesser creatures with shared attributes such as half man– half goat (satyrs), half-man half-horse (centaurs), tree nymphs and sea nymphs who often caused more disruption than fun.

The boys started school at the age of 7 and stayed until they were about 14.

The city-states had no standing armies but relied the citizenry to provide the manpower for what was a militia force. These citizen-soldiers, or Hoplites, (the word derived from hoplon for shield, or item of armor) were the able bodied men of the polis, whose “day jobs” were as farmers and artisans.

The battle formation was the Phalanx or massed infantry formation where each Hoplite held his shield on his left arm, protecting the right side of his comrade on his left at the risk of his own possible injury, relying on the Hoplite to his left to protect his right side.

In 776 B.C.E, about 3000 years ago, the first Olympic Games took place.

The Hellenic Civilization is a term which refers to that period of ancient Greek history between 507 BCE (the date of the first democracy in Athens) and
323 BCE (the death of Alexander the Great). This period is also defined as the age of Classical Greece and should not be confused with the Hellenistic Civilization which labels the period between the death of Alexander and Rome’s conquest of Greece (323 - 146 - 31 BCE).

The correct answer is A.

The most significant concept from the Hellenic model was the political governance of recognized citizens participating in a limited democracy in the face of the prevalent governing model of a powerful monarchy with the support of the national religion, ruling its subjects from above.

The correct answer is B.

Other notable fields emanating from the Classic Age were philosophy (Socrates, Plato and Aristotle), recorded history (Thucydides, Herodotus), theater (Sophocles, Aeschylus, Aristophanes, and Euripides), medicine (Hippocrates), and statecraft (Pericles).

Being from Roman civilization Augustus is not one of these people. 

The correct answer is D.

A catastrophic decline, caused by external invasion or internal strife. What has been described as the “Dark Age of Greece “descended on the peninsula, during which time it was invaded by indigenous peoples from the north, the Dorians. The influx of Dorians set off a wave of emigration of the local peoples. The correct answer is A.

Zeus was recognized as king, and his wife, Hera, as queen. Her field was marriage. The correct answer is E.

The education of Greek children differed in
each polis. In Sparta, boys from the age of 7 were taken from their families to live a communal life in a military school barracks. Weapons training dominated their days, and their recreation was learning poems and songs that glorified battle and sacrifice. Reading and writing was unimportant. Boys learned to be good fighters. In Athens, citizens had to be educated to take part in voting in the Assembly.

The correct answer is C.

The education of Athenian boys included fitness classes emphasizing sports that had embedded military training, e.g. javelin, shot put, discus and wrestling, for the army which was composed of citizen-soldiers, (Hoplites). The correct answer is A.

Most merchants, lacking sufficient cash assets, resorted to borrowing to finance all or part of their expeditions. A typical loan for a large venture in 4th century BCE Athens, was generally a large sum of cash (usually less than 2,000 drachmas), lent for a short time (the length of the voyage, a matter of several weeks or months), at a high rate of interest (often 12% but reaching levels as high as 100%).

The correct answer is A.

Epic poems are long poems, which do not rhyme, and describe a serious topic, which is culturally important. Homeric Epics described the great deeds of the warriors of Greece, who led the war against Troy. The correct answer is C.

Traveling via sea was not as complicated as land travel in ancient Greece, and it was actually the preferred mode of transportation whenever possible. The ancient Greeks were highly skilled both in navigation and shipbuilding, and actively colonized and traded across the Mediterranean. Greece’s geography was optimal for boat travel, encircled by the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas, and with population centers concentrated near its coastlines and on its array of islands. The correct answer is E.