DÜNYA MEDENİYETLERİNE GİRİŞ

The Chalcolithic Age, also known as the Late Village Period, ran between the first half of the sixth millennium BCE and the end of the fourth millennium BCE. The Chalcolithic Age dates

5,500 – 3,000 BCE. Right answer is “D”.

Yarımburgaz Cave is the oldest inhabited place in Anatolia. Right answer is “A".

The earliest stages of this period are seen at Biris Cemetery and at Söğüt Tarlası in Şanlıurfa. One of the most important stages here is the production of pottery made by hand-shaped clay.

Right answer is “C”.

Having followed a smart policy, Hattushili III signed a peace agreement with the Egyptians in 1270 BCE, the name of which is the Treaty of Kadesh, and he ensured a continuity of the peace between the two large states.  Right answer is “ B”.

The Early Bronze Age is studied under three stages, designated Stage I, Stage II and Stage III. The most important location of Stage I of the First Bronze Age in Anatolia is Troia (Troy). Right answer is “E”.

The Assyrian merchants who resided in the great settlement of Kanesh (Kültepe), the center of trading, were subjects of the Assyrian king and laws. Right answer is “A”.

Ldyian kingdom is not Hittite city. Right answer is "E".

First coins minted by the Lydians. Right answer  is “D”.

The Phrygian language was developed from the Phoenician alphabet, and it later played an influential role in the Greek alphabet. Right answer is “A”.

Formerly organized as separate principalities, they established a strong state and made Gordion their capital. Right answer is “A”.

One must begin more solid history with the Chalcolithic period (5500 to 3000 BCE). That was a time when people moved from caves to villages and first mined copper. Hacılar is one of the most important centers for the period.

Wealth, the coinage system, and art all made the capital city of Sardis a brilliant center of the ancient world. Furthermore, the capital played a significant role in the advancement of the arts, thanks to the presence there of the School of Sardis in Lydia.

The oldest habitation in Anatolia dates to this age; it is Yarımburgaz Cave near Küçükçekmece Lake (İstanbul). Very primitive flint stones and mammal bones found in this cave, consisting of 16 layers, are important artifacts of the Lower Paleolithic Age.

In the Neolithic Age (New Stone Age), during which fundamental changes occurred in the life and subsistence of mankind, evidence shows that village life started while multiplication of beneficent plant and animal breeds introduced agriculture and animal husbandry. The earliest stages of this period are seen at Biris Cemetery and at SöğütTarlası in Şanlıurfa. One of the most important stages here is the production of pottery made by hand-shaped clay

This was a period of organized trade that is called the Age of Assyrian Trade Colonies. Trading, which had previously taken place in an unsystematic manner, was made systematic through the formation of independent trading colonies, established in Anatolia, known as karum, trading posts that flourished from the 20th to the 18the centuries BCE.

There arose a reformer king, Telipinu, who finished the civil war and took the throne in 1535 BCE. His first major challenge was to bring an end to dynastic succession conflicts. Therefore, he declared a law (known to history as the Edict of Telipinu) which concluded that the first male child born from the first wife of the king would be designated to ascend to the throne, primogeniture; if such a child was not available, then the next male child would become the king. If a king had no male child at all, then his eldest daughter’s son would become the subsequent king. This law, which King Telipinu issued with the approval of the Pankush, the Hittite Council of Nobles, was applied henceforth and it regulated Hittite ascension to the throne.

Egyptian pharaohs had come with their powerful fighting forces as far north, toward the Hittites, as the vicinity of the city of Kadesh (located in today’s Syria and at the time of the Egyptian moves a great Hittite center of commerce), in a general effort to repulse Hittite incursions upon what they considered Egyptian land.

It was in 840 BCE that Sarduri I gathered these tribes under his leadership and established the Urartu state, making Tushpa (Van) the capital. On the north-western flank of the Van Castle, there is an epitaph showing this construction.

Having lost the war, Midas fell with grief and committed suicide by drinking the blood of a bull.

Formerly organized as separate principalities, they established a strong state and made Gordion their capital.