The Civilization Approach to Human Development
Who predicted a phase of “Caesarism” in the future development of Western Culture?
Oswald Spengler.
Who believed that societies thrive best in response to challenges and that a society’s most important task is to create a religion?
Arnold Toynbee.
Pitirim Sorokin discovered a pattern of recurrent fluctuation between “sensate” and “ideational” value systems. What is the nature of 'sensate period' according to him?
During the sensate period, life is controlled by a materialistic worldview, and economic and scientific activities blossom.
Pitirim Sorokin discovered a pattern of recurrent fluctuation between “sensate” and “ideational” value systems. What is the nature of 'ideational period' according to him?
During the ideational period, life is controlled by spirituality.
Who is the famous French historian who assumes that the history of human development is the history of civilization?
Fernand Braudel.
Who criticizes approaches to periodization of history, instead offering seven stages of human development in times of 950-1950?
Carroll Quigley.
Who offered the world-system concept as a new approach in analyzing human development?
Immanuel Wallerstein.
Who defined the world we live in as 'technopoly'?
Neil Postman.
Who thinks that humans are building the 'Electronic Republic'?
Grossman.
When did people first become farmers, animal breeders, and pottery makers?
About 10,000 BCE.
What was the reason for autonomous civilizations to appear?
Autonomous civilizations rose in a response to physical challenges of nature (ecosystem).
What is considered to be the first autonomous civilization?
The first autonomous civilization was the Mesopotamian Civilization (including Sumerian).
What does the term 'the infrastructural civilization' refer to?
It refers to a type of civilization whose purpose is to expand spheres of influence with the means of technology.
Which were the monocultural civilizations?
The Egyptian, Hittite, and Japanese Civilizations were monocultural.
What does the term 'cultural civilization' refer to?
It refers to a type of civilization managed by cultural manipulation.
What can one consider the mission of civilization to be?
The mission of a civilization is to improve human existence.
What are the subsystems in the universe system?
Humans, nature (ecosystem), and civilization.
What does the term 'ethnic group' refer to?
A homogeneous community at an early stage of sharing the same culture and awareness of togetherness that strives for further civilizational development.
What does the term 'proto-nation' refer to?
A proto-nation is an entity ruled mostly by an empire.
What does the term 'supra-national community' refer to?
A cross-whole-national entity, which removes states’ borders in a formal sense and in a sense of economic and political barriers.