DÜNYA MEDENİYETLERİNE GİRİŞ - Deneme Sınavı - 15

This territory is the third largest in the world (after Russia and Canada).

"China was home to one of the five early civilizations found around the world (Sumerian-Mesopotamian 5000-4000 BCE, Egyptian-3000 BCE, African- 2500 BCE, Indus Valley-2500 BCE, Chinese-2000 BCE).However, China is different from the other civilizations. The culture that developed in ancient China became the nation of China that exists
today. Of course, there have been changes along the way, but the same culture has continued. The other four civilizations have faded away or been completely overtaken by new people and their civilizations. For this reason, people say China is the oldest continuous civilization in the world" (p.192).

"Do not consume animal meat" does not a place in Buddhist ethics. The fifth precept is "do not tell lies".

"The Yang Shao Culture was matrilineal, meaning women were dominant, so this religious figure would have been a woman based on the grave goods found (p.196)."

There was not a lot of respect for merchants and traders in ancient Chinese society because they were not producing any good.

"Before the beginning of the current era it was customary at the court and at public festivities to organize grand-scale spectacles called baixi (paishi) or a hundred entertainments or hundred games circus. They were kinds of variety shows featuring mimes, jugglers, magicians, acrobats, song, musical recitals, and martial art demonstrations. They also featured dancing girls wearing dresses with long, fluttering silk sleeves. Their dances may have been the predecessors of later opera scenes, in which female characters elegantly operate their extra-long white silk sleeves.." (p. 204).

"A general called Sun Tzu wrote a very important book called the Art of War, about the best ways to organize armies and battles" (p. 205)".

Ancient Chinese architecture is based on timberwork, that is wooden houses.

"221 to 206 BCE - During the Qin Dynasty, construction on the Great Wall of China begins" (p.210).

"The first Opium War (1839–42) was fought between China and Britain, and the second Opium War (1856–60), also known as the Arrow War or the Anglo-French War in China, was fought by Britain and France against China. In each case the foreign powers were victorious and gained commercial privileges and legal and territorial concessions in China. The conflicts marked the start of the era of unequal treaties and other inroads on China’s sovereignty that helped weaken and ultimately topple the Qing dynasty in favor of republican China in the early 20th century" (p.211).

In most autonomous civilizations one can differentiate more than one culture, except for the Egyptian, Hittite, and Japanese Civilizations, which are monocultural

Perhaps it is time to combine early and
contemporary definitions of civilizations
(Targowski, 2009b) by emphasizing these following
important attributes:
1) Large society
a. Specializing in labor
b. Self-differentiating
c. Sharing the same knowledge system
2) Space and Time
a. Autonomous fuzzy reification
b. Distinguished and extended area or
period
c. Reification not a part of a larger entity
3) Cultural system, values and symbol driven
a. Communication driven (e.g.: literate
and electronic media)
b. Religion, wealth, and power driven
4) Infrastructural system, technology-driven
by, first, at least one of the following:
a. Urban infrastructure
b. Agricultural Infrastructure
c. Other infrastructures (Industrial,
Information and so forth)
5) Cycle-driven
a. Rising, growing, declining, and falling
over time

An advanced society is an organized group of people on the same territory to support their own existence through the exchange of specialized, civilizational services. This type of society shares a common interest and responds to challenges.

Their Diagnostic Handbook was based on a logical set of maxims and assumptions, including the modern view that through the examination and inspection of the symptoms of a patient, it is possible to determine:
• the patient’s disease,
• its etiology,
• its future development, and
• the chances of the patient’s recovery

All of them (i. -ii -iii -iv) were among the contributions.

It was not a place for public so ii-iii-iv are correct.

Among their stupendous achievements is the fact that the ancient Sumerians developed the first form of writing; that clearly constitutes the greatest contribution of Mesopotamian Civilization.

The correct answer is E.

Their economic activities involved cultivation of land, collection of harvests, engaging in bartering and acquiring the aptitude and practicalities of comparative advantage trade at their lowest levels.

The older folks prepared for sleep by praying to one of their gods, in the Egyptian case, the sun god Ra or god of the underworld, afterlife and the dead Osiris, or variants of the relations of the gods.

The Great Pyramid of Giza was built in the Early Dynastic period.