DÜNYA MEDENİYETLERİNE GİRİŞ - Deneme Sınavı - 3

It was in 840 BCE that Sarduri I gathered these tribes under his leadership and established the Urartu state, making Tushpa (Van) the capital.

The Assyrian kings struggled with these tribes and their confederation until
the middle of the ninth century BCE, failing to hold this region under their subjugation due to its mountainous nature.

The Urartians defeated the Assyrians during a war fought in 753 BCE, thus opening the Mediterranean trade route for their land.

The Urartians defeated the army of their old enemies, the Assyrians, in 705 BCE,
killing the Assyrian King Sargon. 

Therefore, the civilization they fought most is Assyrians. The correct answer is B.

It is known that after the king Gordios died, his son Midas ascended to the Phrygian throne. Midas is cited in many historical and archaeological sources and is better known for his legendary character.

The Lydian King Alyattes started to forge coins during this peace period. The first coins were made from electrum, an alloy of 55 % gold, 45 % silver and a small amount of bronze. Since the Stream of Gediz and the Stream of Pactolus running through Sardis were rich in gold content, the Lydians collected this gold and became a rich nation. These coins began to be used for trading and became widespread, bringing in trade via coins instead of animals.

Phrygians were also famous for their textiles and especially for their rugs, the ancestors of today’s Turkish rugs. That Central Anatolian sheep had high-quality wool must have had an impact on the development of weaving.

The correct answer is A.

The Chalcolithic Age, also known as the Late Village Period, ran between the first half of the sixth millennium BCE and the end of the fourth millennium BCE. The Chalcolithic Age dates

5,500 – 3,000 BCE. Right answer is “D”.

Yarımburgaz Cave is the oldest inhabited place in Anatolia. Right answer is “A".

The earliest stages of this period are seen at Biris Cemetery and at Söğüt Tarlası in Şanlıurfa. One of the most important stages here is the production of pottery made by hand-shaped clay.

Right answer is “C”.

Having followed a smart policy, Hattushili III signed a peace agreement with the Egyptians in 1270 BCE, the name of which is the Treaty of Kadesh, and he ensured a continuity of the peace between the two large states.  Right answer is “ B”.

The Early Bronze Age is studied under three stages, designated Stage I, Stage II and Stage III. The most important location of Stage I of the First Bronze Age in Anatolia is Troia (Troy). Right answer is “E”.

The Assyrian merchants who resided in the great settlement of Kanesh (Kültepe), the center of trading, were subjects of the Assyrian king and laws. Right answer is “A”.

Ldyian kingdom is not Hittite city. Right answer is "E".

First coins minted by the Lydians. Right answer  is “D”.

The Phrygian language was developed from the Phoenician alphabet, and it later played an influential role in the Greek alphabet. Right answer is “A”.

Formerly organized as separate principalities, they established a strong state and made Gordion their capital. Right answer is “A”.

One must begin more solid history with the Chalcolithic period (5500 to 3000 BCE). That was a time when people moved from caves to villages and first mined copper. Hacılar is one of the most important centers for the period.

Wealth, the coinage system, and art all made the capital city of Sardis a brilliant center of the ancient world. Furthermore, the capital played a significant role in the advancement of the arts, thanks to the presence there of the School of Sardis in Lydia.

The oldest habitation in Anatolia dates to this age; it is Yarımburgaz Cave near Küçükçekmece Lake (İstanbul). Very primitive flint stones and mammal bones found in this cave, consisting of 16 layers, are important artifacts of the Lower Paleolithic Age.

In the Neolithic Age (New Stone Age), during which fundamental changes occurred in the life and subsistence of mankind, evidence shows that village life started while multiplication of beneficent plant and animal breeds introduced agriculture and animal husbandry. The earliest stages of this period are seen at Biris Cemetery and at SöğütTarlası in Şanlıurfa. One of the most important stages here is the production of pottery made by hand-shaped clay

This was a period of organized trade that is called the Age of Assyrian Trade Colonies. Trading, which had previously taken place in an unsystematic manner, was made systematic through the formation of independent trading colonies, established in Anatolia, known as karum, trading posts that flourished from the 20th to the 18the centuries BCE.