DÜNYA İLİŞKİLERİNDE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ

The welfare state is a political idea, or a social contract, based on the principle that the state, not the individual, is responsible for the welfare of its citizens and for ensuring that all citizens enjoy a minimum standard of living.

During the postwar period and up to the 1970s and 1980s, immigration to Sweden was dominated by labor force immigration.

Qualifications and skills, such as an academic background,
are a critical factor in the success and effectiveness of
economic integration.

International trade theory explains how labor mobility is expected to lead to better global allocation of various skills and also help to reduce the income gap within as well as between countries.

The life-cycle income theory is based on the understanding that income and earning capacity are spread across the entire life cycle. If there is no redistribution, incomes must compensate for the negative savings that arise.

The time it takes to become established in the labor market varies among different groups, countries of origin, age, and educational attainment.

Human capital includes all the value-adding and productive capacities, skills and knowledge that an individual possesses.

Concerns related to the notion that immigrants would come to the US to benefit from
various welfare systems resulted in new legislation that made citizenship a requirement for receiving most welfare transfers. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was introduced in 1996 by former US President Bill Clinton who during his election campaign vowed to “end welfare as we know it.”.

It is reasonable to expect entirely different conditions for economic integration and
entrepreneurship for immigrants who come to Europe for asylum reasons compared to immigrants driven by labor market reasons. This means that integration policy in Europe must use several different instruments to succeed:

There is basically consensus among scholars that human capital is the most important factor for individuals to successfully establish themselves at the labor market. Education is the significant factor as to why immigrants so quickly are integrated in the US.