DÜNYA İLİŞKİLERİNDE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ

The US had previously been strong drivers of the Montreal Protocol on the ozone layer in the 1980s, for example, but wanted to keep emissions reduction targets
more open. The answer is C.

This European ideal of acting as leaders in the context of climate talks can be said to
have been further solidified after the US chose to withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol in 2001. The answer is C.

In 2009, the BASIC countries (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) generated 25 percent of world GDP and more than 25 percent of GHG emissions. The answer is D.

Considering developments in global climate policy, the Paris Agreement was adopted in November 2015. The answer is D.

The Paris Agreement differs from the Kyoto Protocol in several respects. Firstly, under the Paris Agreement, every country in the world makes commitments to reduce or limit GHG, thus not only the industrialised countries. The agreements are also structured differently. The Kyoto Protocol was a typical “top-down” agreement where a united group forced individual industrial nations to accept specific percentages of emissions reductions compared to those countries’ emissions levels in 1990 (e.g., US -7 percent and EU -8 percent). In contrast, the Paris Agreement is a “bottomup” agreement with one common objective—to limit global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius by 2100 compared with pre-industrialism temperatures, but preferably to cap warming to a maximum of 1.5 degrees— and where most individual states have formulated their own unique “Intended Nationally Determined Contributions” (INDC). Certainly, the Paris Agreement is innovative, but it is nonetheless a very weak agreement in many respects, with no clear rules or consequences for non-compliance. The answer is E.

Regarding the differences between Member States, Germany has its Energiewende (energy transition) for example, whose objective is not only to achieve a climate
transition, but also to phase out nuclear power. The country has made substantial and consistent investments in long-term and stable support for renewable energy, especially wind and solar power. The answer is D.

France, on the other hand, seems convinced that the best way to solve the climate problem is through major, systematic investments in nuclear power. The answer is B.

France upported  systematic investments in nuclear power to solve the climate problem. Germany has its own energy transition that phases out nuclear power.  Sweden has the highest carbon tax in the world .Introduced of a bonus-malus system for vehicle purchases was introduced by France. The answer is A . UK passed the first Climate Change Act (CCA) in the world.

In the US, for example, most cities were planned based on the assumption that the car is and will remain the main mode of travel. The answer is C.

The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presented its first report in 1990, which summarised current research and determined that global warming exists and constitutes a grave threat to world communities. The report was the basis for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio. This agreement later resulted in the Kyoto Protocol, which entailed binding emission reductions for industrialised countries during the first commitment period of 2008–2012. World leaders met once again in December 2015 to reach consensus on further commitments that must be made— and complied with—to prevent global warming from rising beyond unacceptable levels. The conference was held in Paris and was the largest gathering of world leaders ever. It resulted in the Paris Agreement,The answer is B.

The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presented its first report in 1990, which summarised current research and determined that global warming exists and constitutes a grave threat to world communities.

The report was the basis for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio.

World leaders met once again in December 2015 to reach consensus on further commitments that must be made— and complied with—to prevent global warming from rising beyond unacceptable levels. The conference was held in Paris and was the largest gathering of world leaders ever.

It resulted in the Paris Agreement, which became legally binding within only about a year after 55 countries responsible for at least 55 percent of global emissions had ratified the agreement.

When the newly established IPCC published its first report in 1990, today’s EU countries produced 19.5 percent of total global emissions, compared to 22 percent for the US.

When the newly established IPCC published its first report in 1990, today’s EU countries produced 19.5 percent of total global emissions, compared to 22 percent for the US.

In 1850, the group of countries that today make up the European Union accounted for a full 89 percent of global emissions.

Through total emissions reductions of 22 percent in 2015 compared to 1990 levels and by outperforming targets according to the commitments made in the Kyoto Protocol, the EU countries have, by and large, also delivered in practice.

In 2009, the BASIC countries (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) generated 25 percent of world GDP and more than 25 percent of GHG emissions.

In 2009, the BASIC countries (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) generated 25 percent of world GDP and more than 25 percent of GHG emissions.