DİPLOMATİK YAZIŞMA VE PROTOKOL

BAC (Budget at Completion): BAC is budget of an activity or a project, and it is also called the baseline cost which means the cost of the baseline plan. It is calculated at the end of the planning phase. Of course, each activity has its own budget. Project budget is the summation of all activity budgets and other expenditures such as setup cost, fixed cost, and general expenses. Budget of an activity can be calculated as follows considering all costs: BAC=regular shift duration*regular shift rate +overtime duration*overtime rate + setup cost + fixed cost

BCWS or PV (Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled): This value shows planned cost by the status date. It is also called the planned value (PV). BCWS is calculated as follows: BCWS=PCp*BAC

ACWP or AC (Actual Cost for Work Performed): This is actual spending by the status date. In other words, it is the real (current) cost of the project. Of course, it may be different from the BCWS and BCWP values.

BCWS or PV (Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled): This value shows planned cost by the status date. It is also called the planned value (PV). BCWS is calculated as follows: BCWS=PCp*BAC

BCWP or EV (Budgeted Cost for Work Performed): This value shows the cost for the work performed by the status date. However, please be careful, unit of this value is not man-hours, but monetary unit. That’s why it is also called earned value (EV) because you get a value as you perform work.

CPI (Cost Performance Index): This indicator shows the financial performance of the project. CPI is the ratio of earned value to actual cost. In other words, it shows the value of work performed against actual spending. If this rate is equal to one, that means actual spending is coherent with the baseline plan. Otherwise, that means there is a deviation. The rate is calculated as follows: CPI=BCWP/ACWP

SPI (Schedule Performance Index): This indicator shows the schedule performance (work performed) of the project. SPI is the rate of earned value in the planned budget. In other words, it shows the value of work performed against the cost of baseline plan by the status date. If this value is equal to one, that means actual workload is coherent with the baseline plan. Otherwise, there is a deviation. The rate is calculated as follows: SPI=BCWP/BCWS

TCPI (To Complete Performance Index): TCPI shows the performance to be done after the status date in order to meet the project budget and the schedule targets. TCPI is achieved by dividing the rest of earned value into the rest of the budget as follows: TCPI=(BAC-BCWP)/(BAC-ACWP)

EAC (Estimate at Completion): Predicted budget. In other words, budget to be obtained at project finish date if the speed of project remains like that. EAC=BAC*(ACWP/BCWP) = (BAC*ACWP)/PCa*BAC) = ACWP/PCa

SV (Schedule Variance): Schedule deviation as a monetary value. If SV is negative, that means the project is behind the plan against work performed. The opposite means the schedule is ahead of time. SV=BCWP-BCWS

Baseline plan is a master plan, which has been executed at the end of the planning phase of a project. It can not be changed. The correct option is A.

Man-hour is calculated as multiplying workforce by duration. Actually, in order to define the size of an activity, man-hours should be predicted, not the duration of the activity. For example, if an activity has 120 man-hours, this means, this activity can be finished within 24 hours if you have 5 workers; or it can be finished within 12 hours if you have 10 workers. The correct option is C.

One of the most effective project evaluation and monitoring methods is Earned Value Analysis (EVA) which was developed in the 1960’s. The correct option is B.

Three important metrics can be used to define the size of a project: project completion time (PCT), budget, and workload. The correct option is D.

Tardiness means delay. If an activity or a project delays, this situation may cause serious problems such as penalty payoff. That’s why tardiness is unwanted. In order to evaluate whether there is a tardiness for an activity, monitoring the performed workload or using a tracking Gantt chart is a good way. The correct option is E.

In order to evaluate and control a project ,you should follow these steps:

Earned Value Analysis takes part in the fourth step of the project evaluation process. The correct option is D.

BAC (Budget at Completion): BAC is budget of an activity or a project, and it is also called the baseline cost which means the cost of the baseline plan. It is calculated at the end of the planning phase. Of course, each activity has its own budget. Project budget is the summation of all activity budgets and other expenditures such as setup cost, fixed cost, and general expenses. The correct option is A.

BCWS or PV (Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled): This value shows planned cost by the status date. It is also called the planned value (PV). The correct option is D.

BCWP or EV (Budgeted Cost for Work Performed): This value shows the cost for the work performed by the status date. However, please be careful, unit of this value is not man-hours, but monetary unit. That’s why it is also called earned value (EV) because you get a value as you perform work. The correct option is D.

ACWP or AC (Actual Cost for Work Performed): This is actual spending by the status date. In other words, it is the real (current) cost of the project. The correct option is E.