DİPLOMATİK YAZIŞMA VE PROTOKOL

The expected results over the course of the project are called deliverables. For example, deliverables in the early design phase of a project might be a list of specifications. The correct answer is A.

To define the final deliverable is the first step of Work Breakdown Structure. First, the major project deliverables are defined; to accomplish these larger deliverables, the subdeliverables are identified. This process continues until the subdeliverable can be tackled by one person and is small enough to be manageable. Then, the subdeliverable is broken down into work packages. While creating WBS, work packages are the lowest components that a project can be subdivided. When a deliverable cannot break down into any further subdeliverable, then you have a work package. It is the lowest level of the WBS. Work packages are short-duration tasks that have a definite start and stop point, consume resources, and represent cost. The correct answer is E.

Zorluk: 3

A burst activity has more than one activity immediately following it (more than one dependency arrow flowing from it). The figure shows that activities Y and Z cannot begin until activity X is completed. This figure also indicates that activities Y and Z can occur concurrently or simultaneously if the project manager wishes; however, it is not a necessary condition. For example, activity X can take place while activity Z is being accomplished, but activity X must be completed before activities Y and Z can start. Activities Y and Z are considered parallel activities. Activity X is referred to a burst activity because more than one arrow bursts from the node. The correct answer is C.

The dependency arrows flowing from X in the second box show that Y and Z are parallel activities after X is completed. Parallel activities can take place at the same time, if the manager wishes. However, the manager may choose to have parallel activities not occurred simultaneously. In the figure Z and AA in the last box are parallel activities, too, that can take place at the same time like Y and Z. However, activities Z and AA cannot begin until activities X and Y are both completed.  the The correct answer is D.

The central box in the third row (DuR) illustrates the days needed for each activity. Accordingly, 15 days are needed to accomplish activity E. The correct answer is D.

Total slack time is the maximum allowable delay that can occur for noncritical activities. Once this slack is used up, noncritical activities become critical and further delays of these activities will delay the project completion. Critical activities on critical path cannot be delayed by any amount, since they have zero slack. Activities A, B, F and G have zero slack times each while activity D has 10 days of slack time. The correct answer is C.

Activity on Arrow (AOA) or arrow diagramming technique is the most common method for diagramming networks. The main difference between AOA and AON is to show the activities and events in the network. In AOA, activities are shown by a directed line (arrow) between two node shapes (circle). With the nodes, the beginning and finishing events are represented, and the arrow between these two nodes depicts the activity itself, which is different from AON. The events are identified by the number inside each node. Activity duration is shown by the number over the line unlike AON. A “dummy” activity is not used in AON. Similar to AON networks, all arrows should be carried from left to the right and there should be no loops. The correct answer is B.

The figure illustrates an AOA diagram – not an AON. The numbers on arrows represent the duration. The immediate predecessor activity of N is not O as it is just the opposite. The length of the arrow is not important (in Gantt Charts, the activity is proportional to the duration). Activity M as well as N and K have no predecessors. The correct answer is A.

A project is not related with every day’s routine and repetitive/ordinary work. While the routine work, often called Business As Usual (BAU), occurs/repeats in cycles, a project is performed just once, and when the desired result is reached, the project ends. Designing a new application is a one-time, innovative project idea. The correct answer is E.

In order to develop a hierarchical WBS, there are some major groupings used. To define the final deliverable is the first step of WBS. First, the major project deliverables are defined; to accomplish these larger deliverables, the subdeliverables are identified. This process continues until the subdeliverable can be tackled by one person and is small enough to be manageable. Then, the subdeliverable is broken down into work packages. While creating WBS, work packages are the lowest components that a project can be subdivided. A work package has one owner assigned—a project team member who will be most responsible for that package’s completion. Although other team members can provide support as needed, only one person should be directly answerable for the work package. The correct answer is B.