DİPLOMATİK YAZIŞMA VE PROTOKOL

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. A project is usually a one-time activity with a well-defined set of expectations and objectives. Projects are temporary activities. They have a definite beginning and ending point, and they can last minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or years. The correct answer is C.

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. The regular, usual activities such as manufacturing a mobile phone are not temporary, one-time actions. The correct answer is D.

Both a program and a project aim at accomplishing a task within budget in quality manner and maintaining customer’s satisfaction at a given time. However, the main distinction lies in life span and objective. A program covers a longer time period and includes several parallel or sequential projects that share common goals and resources. As an example, Climate Change Program may include several projects such as recycling of paper, plastic, newspaper, glass and aluminium cans, minimization of carbon emission, increasing planting density, and so on. Among the choices in this question, ‘providing clean energy’ is broadest in scope and may include the other choices as projects within it. The correct answer is A.

A project life cycle consists of four distinct phases: initiation, planning, performing and closure. Initiation Phase is the first phase of project life cycle, and it involves identification and specification of the project. Project objectives and requirements are determined. The project team members are formed and their tasks are assigned. The correct answer is C.

In the planning phase, more formal set of plans are established to determine when the project will be scheduled, what the budget will be and what quality level should be maintained. Then, individual tasks and requirements of the project are defined. The correct answer is D.

In the last years, organizational life has changed dramatically. With rising expenses, many companies tried to downsize and focusing core qualifications to survive. Also, today’s organizations are flatter and leaner, and they need a change. In this respect, project management does the work of middle management for improving things. Corporate downsizing also lets companies approach their projects differently. The correct answer is B.

Three main attributes of project management distinguish it from traditional forms of management: project manager, project team, and project methodology. The correct answer is D.

Planning Process Group involves detailing the project scope, time frames, resources costs, quality, communication and risks. An efficient planning process includes definition of scope of the reasons for the project, creating Work Breakdown Structure and description of how to manage any significant risks and uncertainties among others. The correct answer is B.

The Executing Process Group includes the following project management processes:

Reporting performance belongs to the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group. The correct answer is E.

The outcomes of a project are generally evaluated by three factors: cost, schedule, and performance. The cost of a project is the budget which represents financial limits that are needed for the project implementation. It might include labor costs, material procurement costs, and operating costs. The project schedule is the timetable that shows in detail when each activity should begin and end. The last one is required performance. It is expected that the outcomes of the project meet the requirements of the customers. The correct answer is B.