ÇAĞDAŞ DÜNYA UYGARLIKLARI

The Civilizational Waves of the Eastern Civilization is in order Agrarian - Industrial - Informational. The correct answer is A.

The correct answer is C.

The founder of the ruling family of Kievan Rus was the Viking Rurik of Scandinavia. One of the Rurik’s descendants - Prince Vladimir - converted his subjects into the Orthodox Christian faith. Upon Yaroslav’s death in 1054, however, his sons divided the state into warring factions, and the city of Kiev lost its preeminence. This was a powerful and prosperous East Slavic state which thrived under the reign of the Ruriks from the 9th to the 13th (not 15th) century. The correct answer is D.

Russian Empire was established by Peter I (Peter the Great) in 1721. The correct answer is B.

A significant challenge to the Romanov dynasty and their empire also came in the form of the French invasion, known in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812. After a ferocious but indecisive battle at Borodino on September 7, Napoleon entered Moscow, which the retreating Russians famously set ablaze. However, Alexander I rejected the offer to negotiate, and Napoleon was forced to begin his infamous retreat. In the process, his army was virtually annihilated by the combined effects of the heroism of the Russian people and the severe winter conditions. Napoleon barely escaped with his life, and his domination of Europe was effectively at an end. The correct answer is C.

The order of the periods of the Russian Revolution is the Old Regime, a Moderate Phase, a Radical Phase, and a reactionary time called Thermidor. The correct answer is C.

The Soviet Union existed from 1922 to 1991. The correct answer is D.

On 24 August 1991, the Act of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine was adopted by the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian Parliament). It re- established Ukraine as an independent state. The correct answer is B.

The USSR was the first state which attempted a complete switch to atheism, and churches were not built during the seventy years of the atheistic Soviet era. The correct answer is A.

A great conflict in Russian culture was between the Westernizers and the Slavophils. Slavophilia was an intellectual movement originating in the 19th century; it sought the development of values and institutions in Russian society derived from its early history. The correct answer is E.

The East Slavs appeared in European history between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE.

After the 12th century, the Kievan principality declined even further due to succession disputes, conflicts between regional princes, invasions from Asia along with the collapse of commercial ties between Byzantium and Europe via the Dnieper.

By way of marrying the niece of the last Byzantine emperor, Ivan III symbolically established Muscovy as the successor state of the Byzantine Empire - the “Third Rome.”

The sons of Czar Ivan IV died one after the other, thus ending the Rurik dynasty. This crisis led to civil war, famine, epidemics, and other calamities.

Industrially produced firearms proved to be a decisive factor in the Russian colonization of the immense expanses of Eurasia.

He thought Russia had to become just like the West in all ways, even looks, however with one major exception – no parliamentary rule.

Army draft and the state economy continued to depend on the existence of serfdom, and the heavy-handed demands of the state and private landlords led to a number of insurrections, including the massive Pugachev Rebellion.

He pardoned the Decembrists.

An impatient intelligentsia, motivated by the western European example, desired rapid political change. The Czarist government opposed it while encouraging the country’s industrialization.

He was a ruthless and calculating dictator and did all those mentioned in the options.