ÇAĞDAŞ DÜNYA UYGARLIKLARI

First, a singular historical perspective, representing tangible historical records that can stand out as clearer markers of a singular African Civilization, has not been institutionalized.

Second, African Civilization is analyzed by scholars from the point of view of material and structural perspectives. Material and structural ways of articulating civilizations underemphasize the essential roles of historical and cultural traditions.

Third, Africa, over the centuries, was exposed first to slavery, then to colonialism. Both slavery and colonialism are negative interrelationships of humans.

These critical historical evolutions, slavery and colonialism, hindered the sober analysis and articulation of African Civilization.

In the case of Africa, the level of articulation and acknowledgement of African Civilization is weak and less articulated in a sense of pride and confidence.

The interior cities in West Africa, such as Kumbi Salaaeh, Awdaghost, Timbuktu, Tidjikja and Ghadames, served as hub markets from where goods, such as gold, ivory, gums, animal skin, and cotton, were caravanned up North African port.

The phrase “the essence and unity of African Civilization” refers to the broad, but clear-cut patterns unity, oneness, and commonality that the study of African Civilization shows among the African peoples. Looking at African civilization, there is no denying that Africa has a unique civilization. That civilization is the sum of the people of Africa in the east, west, north and south of this great continent.

From the macrocosm of the broad features of African Civilization, it becomes possible to give a generalized unity and pointed articulation of African Civilization. The historical, cultural, sociological and anthropological factors described above, each in their own field of discipline, give benchmarks that describe the totality and unity of African Civilization.