The Islamic Civilization
What are the two basic principles that Islamic civilization is committed to?
Oneness of Allah and oneness of humanity.
What was the name of Hz.Mohammed’s tribe?
The Quraysh, in Mecca.
How did Islamic civilisation move on right after Hz. Mohammed had died?
The Islamic Empire expanded rapidly right after the death of Hz. Mohammed.
What were the two main empires which controlled the world to the east and the west of Mecca before Islam?
Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire.
When was the Prophet Mohammed born?
Hz. Mohammed was born in 571.
Where were the words of Allah delivered to the Prophet by Gabriel (Jibrail / Cebrail)?
In a nearby cave at Hira.
How did Hz. Mohammed's community keep the messages in the Qur’an came to the Prophet Mohammad gradually over the course of many year?
Hz.Mohammed's followers memorised them and wrote them down.
Who were the first people to embrace Islam?
Hz. Mohammed's wife Khadija (Hatice) was the first woman to embrace Islam. His cousin Ali, his friend Abu Bakr (Ebu Bekir) were the first.
How was the Arabian Peninsula populated before the Prophet Mohammed?
The Arabian Peninsula was populated with polytheistic Semitic people before the Prophet Mohammed.
Who built the Ka’aba?
It is taught that the Ka’aba was actually built by Abraham.
When did the Hijrah (Hicret) take place?
The Hijrah (Hicret), took place in 622.
What did the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah announce?
The Truce of Hudaybiyyah announced that there would be no fighting between Mecca and Medina for 10 years, Hz. Mohammed could visit Mecca immediately, and that in the following year he would be allowed to bring his people on pilgrimage to the Ka’aba.
How did the people of Mecca feel after the Prophet Mohammed's army conqured Mecca?
The people of Mecca were in fear for their lives.
How many main characteristics distinguish Islamic civilization from other civilizations?
There are five main characteristics that distinguish Islamic civilization from other civilizations.
What was Islam's contribution to the global civilisation between the 7th and 12th centuries?
Between the 7th and 12th centuries, Islam became the center of a brilliant civilization and of a great scientific, philosophic, and artistic culture.
What was the name of the system expanded by the Abbasid Khalifate which dramatically increased agricultural production?
The Abbasid Khalifate expanded the iqta system which dramatically increased agricultural production.
Who were the first four leaders who followed Hz. Mohammed?
They were Abu Bakr, Omar, Uthman and Ali who were called as the Rightly Guided Caliphs.
Who was the great Muslim leader that recaptured Jerusalem and defeated the Crusaders in 1187?
Saladin [Salahuddin] Ayubi
Whose book was translated into Latin in the 12th century and became the most important medical book of the middle-ages in all of Europe?
Ibn Sina
What were some of the agricultural products which impressed the Crusaders and were added to the diet of medieval Europe?
Rice, lentils and other vegetables cooked in olive oil. Coffee, sugar and the growing techniques for cherries, peaches, apricots, and gooseberries were some of those agricultural products.