ÇAĞDAŞ DÜNYA UYGARLIKLARI - Deneme Sınavı - 7

Divan-i Lughat al-Turk, written by Mahmud Al-Kashghari  is a dictionary of the different Turkic dialects of the time and acts as a guide to the Turkic culture.

Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi was a legendary Ottoman aviator, he flew from Galata Tower to Uskudar over bosphorous.

The Ranking of the Largest Nations by its Citizenships/Memberships in 2016

Super-capacity Crisis: The great financial success of the 1% elite, as well as the new power of Internet companies set up by young people, considerably affects imagination, particularly when political leaders claim that “the sky is the limit.” However, the real world sees high unemployment, reaching 10 per cent, with as many as every third young individual jobless (half of all potential workers in Spain). Engineers are advised to seek qualifications as nurses, and college graduates are offered unpaid internships, even in wealthy firms on Wall Street which could easily afford to pay these young university graduates.

In 2016, the global population was at 7.4 billion. If the present trend of population growth is maintained, by 2050 there will be between nine and eleven billion people. But our ecosystem can sustain only up to eight billion human lives at one time. Only China and Japan have installed policies designed to limit their populations. Many of the remaining countries see their population growth out of control, and many churches in the West oppose any population control.

We have witnessed the development of Mafia states, where criminal circles not only bribe politicians but also are appointed to positions in the administration. These states include Bulgaria, Guinea-Bissau, Montenegro, Myanmar (Burma), Ukraine and Venezuela. In Mexico, the federal government is tough on drug cartels, but locally, at the level of states and towns, various types of Mafia rule and secure the loyalty of the police.

Business Rules as Dogma are what keeps business as faith.  It is demanded by Chief Executive Officers of Big Business who act as Business Clerics. For example, in the 2010s there are the following rules:

Rule 1:The elimination of governmental regulations is necessarily beneficial since it encourages growth. 

Rule 2: Lowering the taxation of wealthy taxpayers creates new jobs. 

Rule 3: The removal of safety nets for displaced workers is justified because it minimizes business costs, enabling companies to be more competitive globally. 

Rule 4: The offshore outsourcing of manufacturing products saves costs and therefore is good for consumers.

Rule 5: Unemployed workers do not have the right skills, so it is their obligation to seek the appropriate job training to find employment elsewhere.

Rule 6: As much as possible, loyal employees need to avoid taking these and other such issues into consideration. They should concentrate on their jobs without concerning themselves with supposedly irrelevant matters.

Rule 4 is promoted by Big Business to secure higher income. For example, Amazon.com waged war against publishers of paper-based books since it would like to be a sole distributor of e-books and e-book readers. Similarly, Google would like to possess all books in a digital form to sell access to them. After long negotiations, Google agreed to pay some minimal royalties to authors.

The global elite stands in opposition to pluralism and often implies that democracy is a utopian ideal. It also stands in opposition to state autonomy. Therefore, it expects that the state should serve the single global society, the elite, because it alone can work successfully and provide jobs for the poor.

The emerging global society of super-rich business people are practically becoming a nation composed of stateless citizens, buying houses outside their country of primary residence, for example. Members of the single global society may hold a globalist perspective and not contribute to the economic growth of their country of origin. The global elite may hide trillions of pounds, dollars or Swiss francs inside off-shore havens like the Cayman Islands and Switzerland through the help of privately owned banks and unique financial services.

Diversity is established well only in the Western and Global Civilizations (the latter is a derivative of the former). Other civilizations may practice low or moderate social complexity and enjoy it but eventually they give up the quest for progress in economic and technological innovations, leaving it to Western Civilization.

Global infrastructure platforms and services:

Internet browsers such as Netscape, Explorer, Firefox, and Chrome began to tremendously facilitate the use of the Internet worldwide in 1998.

Turkish language spoken in Turkey is belong to Oghuz Turkic family.

Chinese people has an important role in history for illustrating written sources in terms of Turkic culture history.

Huns extended their lands up to Western Roman Empire with the leadership of Attila.

Mahmud Al-Kashghari wrote the Turkic book Divan-i Lughat al-Turk.

The world today encounters four extreme challenges:

The correct answer is Choice E.

Battle of Ankara occurred between Ottomans and Temarlane. Other battles were the struggles of European countries to stop the advange of Turks.

The present, second crisis of civilization is going to occur beause of the transformation of the Western Civilization into a Global Civilization, and this will generate internal crises in almost all dimensions of society. The paradox of this second great crisis of civilization is that it is invisible at first sight. There is no global war, no major epidemics or a grand planetary climate catastrophe. Yet, there is the fantastic development of the Internet, which had led to a fast and vast information flow between masses of people representing all possible tribes, nations, and societies. The correct answer is Choice B.

Ottomans had a rich literary tradition called the Divan style. Prominent examples include Leyla and Majnun of Fuzuli, and Husn-u Ask of Sheyh Galib. On the other hand, Turkish folk literature included the following poets from the fourteenth century through the twentieth century: Haci Bayram Veli, Kaygusuz Abdal, Pir Sultan Abdal, Koroglu, Karacaoglan, Gevheri, Dertli, Dadaloglu, and Asik Veysel.