ÇAĞDAŞ DÜNYA UYGARLIKLARI - Deneme Sınavı - 15

Kievan Rus: This was a powerful and prosperous East Slavic state which thrived under the reign of the Ruriks from the 9th to the 13th century. forces of the nomadic Mongol Empire overran Kievan Rus in the 13th century, devastating many cities, including Kiev itself.

Moderate Phase: 1905-1917: The 1905 “Bloody Sunday” massacre of a peaceful demonstration in Saint-Petersburg triggered nationwide strikes, which paralyzed the economy. 

Radical Phase: 1917-1921

Radical Phase: 1917-1921: This period, which coincided with the whole duration of the Civil War in Russia, began with the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks, and it involved an armed power struggle between the Bolsheviks and several rival groups.

The Soviet Union existed from 1922 to 1991. After Lenin’s death in 1924, dictatorial powers were assumed by his successor Joseph Stalin. The ruthless and calculating dictator suppressed his political opponents, introduced his own crude version of Marxism-Leninism.

-The nation underwent a period of rapid industrialization which was accompanied by the brutal collectivization of peasants into factory-like communes called kolkhozy and sovkhozy between 1928 and 1940.

-In 1921 most of what is now Ukraine was annexed by the Soviet Union. 

-On 24 August 1991, the Act of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine was adopted by the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian Parliament).

-The “Orange Revolution” erupted between late November 2004 and January 2005. 

-On the night of 21 November 2013, the “Euromaidan” burst into existence.

-The “Euromaidan” protests turn bloody with over 100 protesters sacrificing their lives in February of 2014.

He depicts the First Wave (Agrarian) as the society after the Agrarian Revolution, which gradually replaced nomadic tribes.

The Second Wave (Industrial) brought with it the Industrial Revolution, and it lasted from late 17th century through the mid-20th century. The Second Wave society was based on industrial-scale production, distribution, consumption, education, media, recreation, entertainment, and weaponry. These features were combined with standardization, centralization, concentration, and synchronization, and they were in a style of organization called bureaucracy

The Agricultural Period coincides with lifecareers of Kievan Rus and its successors – the Grand Principality of Moscow, and the Czardom of Russia. Kievan Rus was a loose federation of the East Slavic principalities, which flourished under the reign of the Rurik dynasty from the late 9th to the
mid-13th century CE. The evolution of Kievan Rus ended with the Mongol invasion.

Although Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav the Wise (978-1054), waged frequent military campaigns, he also perceived dynastic marriages as a preferred way to maintain good relationships with other European countries. Three of his daughters became queens of Western European states (France, Norway, and Hungary). Of his sons, three married German princesses and the other one a Byzantine princess, while he himself was the son-in-law of the King of Sweden, and brother-in-law to the King of Poland. The UK historian Ronald Hingley dryly notes that for equally intricate Russian dynastic involvements with western Europe, one has to wait for the nineteenth century Romanov emperors. Upon Yaroslav’s death in 1054, however, his sons divided the state into warring factions, and the city of Kiev lost its preeminence.

The principalities of Rus had to submit to the Mongol Empire and to become part of what was called the Golden Horde. The remaining vestiges of Kievan Rus in the west were absorbed by Poland and Lithuania. The only region that retained autonomy was the Republic of Novgorod. The indigenous aristocracy continued to exist while intensely intermarrying, this time with the elites of the nomads.

Novgorod Republic:  Among the successor states to Kievan Rus has been the Novgorod Republic as well as the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal. 

Novgorod was a successful port on the eastern side of the Hanseatic League trade network.

Until Novgorod was subsumed by the Grand Principality of Moscow in 1478, it was governed by the veche – an early democratic institution of East Slavs.

This may bring on singularity, a Big Bang for humanity, as hybrid organisms replace our human one and we evolve into Homo cyborg, human machines.

At the end of the 20th century, the Internet (active since 1983 but far more visible during the 1990s when user-friendly browsers became widespread) was pushing the development of the Globalization Wave. This wave led to the advance of the Global economy, then to the free flow of information and capital, and in many cases, to the cross-border movement of experienced workers and executives.

When the word “virtual” was first introduced in information technology, it applied to memory simulated by computer; that is, memory not actually built into a processor’s main memory but, rather, located in online magnetic disks. More recently, the term has been applied to entities such as things, organizations, processes, and people that exist but are simulated using information technology. For example, virtual conversations are conversations that take place over computer networks, and virtual communities are some social groups that assemble around the use of e-mail, web pages, and other networked, digital resources.

The paradox of this second great crisis of civilization is that it is invisible at first sight.

Over-communication Crisis - The development of the Internet has made “distance dead” (Cairncross, 1997). Communication is instant, no respecter of distance as it spreads with the speed of the electromagnetic wave, used by computer networks and smartphones.

cyber warfare. This modality of fighting makes use of computers and the Internet as well as other means of storing and disseminating information for the sake of making assaults against enemy information systems.

Business Liturgy involvesendless business meetings and conferences and is covered by the media, all of which feature information convenient for the Business Doctrine.

A Virtuality Doctrine is what keeps Virtuality as a religion.

With 1.31 billion users Facebook has the greatest number of users.

Dot Com crisis happened in 2000.