ÇAĞDAŞ DÜNYA UYGARLIKLARI - Deneme Sınavı - 7

There are 54 sovereign states whose peoples are inheritors of a tapestry of mosaic cultural heritages, having direct claim to ancient civilizations. The correct answer is C.

In the northern regions of Africa, the Egyptian civilization and Maghreb civilization represent the region. The first phase of the Islamization of Africa began after North Africa was Islamized, beginning with the conquest of Egypt by Arab forces around 639-641 CE. These historical developments were an aspect of the eruption of the global Islamic revolution, when Islam was on a march of conquest. Thus, new concepts of faith and politics rooted in the Quranic declarations that were promulgated in Medina and Mecca, declared by the Prophet, were embraced and enthusiastically implemented by the First Rashidun, successors of the Prophet, who swept over Arabia, the Middle East, and North Africa. Subsequent years saw the complete integration of the entire North African region into the Islamic world. The region became called the “Maghreb” by the Arabs. The correct answer is A.

The Axumite Empire, at the height of its global power, dominated the northeastern part of Africa up to the southern borders of Upper Egypt on the north and as far as Southern Arabia. The Axumite Empire rose up in the highlands of northern Ethiopia and the highlands of the State of Eritrea. Its capital was the village of Axum where ancient landmark and monuments are still standing, and its seaport was the port of Adulis at the Red Sea. Axum controlled the southern part of the Red Sea. The rise of the Persian Empire in the 4th century CE introduced a big threat to the Roman Empire. In 533 CE, Emperor Justinian, sensing the need for alliance, sent a letter to the Axumite Emperor urging him to block Persian silk trade through the Red Sea. The Persian Empire’s formidable power defeated the Axumite forces in Southern Arabia. The Axumite Empire that ruled over northeast Africa and Arabia did not recover from this defeat. The correct answer is D.

Africa was stripped of its precious resources, and the indignity of being dominated does not enable its victims to confidently extol or glory in their civilizations. The mental image embedded in Europeans adventurers, explorers, and colonialists was formed by the purpose and objective of slavery, colonialism, and postcolonial monopoly capitalism. African civilization is not to be faulted for the persistence of African poverty without accounting for the crippling effects of the slave trade, colonialism and post-colonial tyranny, most of which can be traced directly to the global entanglement of the African economy and its dictatorial institutions. The correct answer is E.

The interior cities in West Africa, such as Kumbi Salaaeh, Awdaghost, Timbuktu, Tidjikja and Ghadames, served as hub markets from where goods, such as gold, ivory, gums, animal skin, and cotton, were caravanned up North African ports. The correct answer is A.

Çözüm: The Islamic revolution declared all other civilizational inspirations null and void. Hereafter, a new faith combining religious inspiration and military strategy was bound to spread a new Islamic Civilization. This civilization was to bring new ways of governance, and newer society, the Ummah, inspired by Islam and aiming for the oneness of human beings under one faith and this new Islamic Civilization. The correct answer is B.

The Rift Valley region in Africa can be singled out as the origin of man, the origin of the Nile, and the origin of the three monotheistic faiths, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The civilizations that originated in the Rift and the Nile Valleys were heavily influenced by two things: the ancient Egyptian Civilization and the three monotheistic faiths mentioned above. The correct answer is E.

African Civilization is as old as Africa. It is scientifically proven that Africa is the origin
of humans. Africa is the oldest continent to have inspired human activity, starting around 3.7 million years ago when human life arose in the African Rift Valley, in north eastern Ethiopia. Looking from above, Africa in its totality is a complex homeland to the oldest civilization, that of Egypt and Nubia. The correct answer is B.

The Apartheid system of earlier South Africa, where democratic pluralism was good for selected citizens while perpetrating savage cruelties against most South African citizens, reveals that the “civilized” democratic system of the West falls short of becoming wholesome, because it has not matured to the highest of civilized culture as it tolerates gross injustice within its societies and outside its own societies. The correct answer is C.

When the Prophet Mohammed started preaching the faith of Islam in Arabia, he was faced with persecution by the Meccans. As he battled his adversaries, he sent some of his most faithful followers, including his daughter, to seek shelter in Abyssinia. He told them they would face hospitality and security there. He also instructed them to preserve the faith, advance its teachings if he and his followers were exterminated by those who were persecuting them. The correct answer is D.

Hinduism is the oldest major religion.

The terms Varna and caste are different. The former has a ritual and ideological rationale while the other deals with socio-economic status.

The terms Varna and caste are different. The former has a ritual and ideological rationale while the other deals with socio-economic status.

Finally, there were foods for the lower castes, called Tamasic.

Wealthy or upper caste women favoring saris made of silk imported from China and other women using cotton.

Hinduism thrives in the world today. Although the great age of Hindu expansion between 1000 CE and 1200 CE is over, the world has seen, since that time, the Cholos of South India rule Sri Lanka and the Maldives and control much of the maritime provinces of South Asia from the Bay of Bengal to New Guinea.

The Khmer Empire centered in Cambodia was initially Hindu. At its height, this empire ruled over Cambodia as well as parts of Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Its capital at Angkor Wat, although now partly Buddhist, is considered the site of one of the greatest examples of Hindu architecture in the world.

Buddhism is the religion named after Siddhartha Gautama.

The Buddha initially maintained that there were three truths about life in this world: sickness, old age, and death.

The most ubiquitous item in popular culture of Buddhist origin is the Laughing Buddha figurine.